In igneous rocks, this is a texture consisting of phenocrysts and groundmass. Phenocrysts are significantly larger than groundmass and generally have an idiomorphic shape. In volcanic rocks, it is believed that phenocrysts began to crystallize before the groundmass, while the magma was still underground. However, in some types of plutonic rocks, potassium feldspar that crystallized at the very end may have grown large, enveloping other minerals that had crystallized before, to become a type of phenocryst. Phenocrysts are often aligned in a certain direction, indicating the flow of magma. Metamorphic rocks also have textures consisting of large crystals surrounded by small minerals, but these are not called porphyritic textures. [Mitsuo Hashimoto] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
火成岩において、斑晶と石基からなる組織。斑晶は石基に比べて著しく大きく、かつ一般には自形を呈する。火山岩の場合には、斑晶は石基に先だって、マグマがまだ地中にある期間にすでに晶出し始めたものと考えられている。しかし、ある種の深成岩では、最末期に晶出したカリウム長石が、それまでに晶出していた他鉱物を包み込みつつ、大きく成長して、一種の斑晶となったと考えられる場合もある。斑晶はしばしばある方向に配列し、マグマの流動を示すことがある。なお、変成岩にも、大きな結晶とそれを囲む小さな鉱物からなる組織があるが、それは斑状組織とはいわない。 [橋本光男] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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