Debt of Nature

Japanese: 自然債務 - しぜんさいむ
Debt of Nature

If the debtor performs the obligation voluntarily, it is valid as the performance of the obligation, but if the debtor does not perform the obligation voluntarily, the performance cannot be demanded by a lawsuit (natural obligation by contract, obligation after the prescription has been established or invoked, etc.). There is a debate in academic theory as to whether such natural obligations can be recognized under modern law, but the positive theory is gradually gaining ground in Japanese civil law. However, there is no consensus on the scope. In a case where a regular customer of a cafe promised to give a waitress an independent fund, the court essentially recognized natural obligations, saying that the obligation of the customer is repaid if the promiser performs it voluntarily, but that it is a special debt relationship in which the other party cannot be forced to perform the obligation.

[Takahisa Awaji]

[Reference item] | Credits and payables

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

債務者が任意に債務の履行を行えば、債務の履行として有効であるが、任意に履行しない場合に訴えによってその履行を求めることはできない、という債務(契約による自然債務、時効成立・援用後の債務など)。このような自然債務を現代法において認めることができるかどうかについては学説上争いがあるが、日本の民法上は肯定説がしだいに有力になりつつある。しかし、その範囲については一致していない。判例は、カフェーのなじみ客が女給に独立資金を与えることを約束したという事件で、前記の客の債務を、諾約者が自ら進んで履行すれば債務の弁済となるが、相手方からその履行を強要することはできない特殊の債務関係だとして、実質的に自然債務を認めた。

[淡路剛久]

[参照項目] | 債権・債務

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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