Smock (English spelling)

Japanese: スモック（英語表記）smock

The English word for a top. Its origin is smoc, which means a garment worn over the head, but it has changed to four different meanings over time. (1) A type of women's undergarment worn directly against the skin from the 13th to 18th centuries. It was originally spelled smicket. It was made of high-quality linen, Cambric, Hollande, or sometimes silk, and was specially handcrafted to give the body and sleeves room, called smocking. This is a type of garment that has thin vertical pleats folded around the chest and shoulders and secured with gold, silver, or colored threads for a decorative effect. It is still widely used in women's and children's clothing today. At the end of the 18th century, the smock was renamed shift, and from the 19th century onwards it came to be called chemise. (2) A thick, coarse-weave linen shirt worn by farm workers and general laborers in colonial America. (3) An abbreviation of smock frock, worn by farm workers and shepherds throughout Europe from the 18th century onwards. It was worn as an everyday layer over clothing to keep warm and prevent dirt. It was knee-length, had long sleeves, was smocking at the chest and had a loose skirt. It was made of homespun or heavy cotton. (4) Today it means a loose-fitting waist-length jacket, especially those worn by painters, engineers, women and children. The term "smock-like" is used to refer to loose jackets with shoulder yokes and smocking.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

上っ張りに相当する英語。語源は，頭からかぶって着る衣服を意味する smocであるが，時代を経るに従って4様の意に変遷した。 (1) 13～18世紀までの素肌にじかに着用する女性用下着。古くは smicketと綴られた。上質のリネン，ケンブリック，オランド，ときには絹でつくられ，身頃や袖にゆとりをもたせるための特殊な手芸，すなわちスモッキングが施されていた。これは胸と肩の部分に，縦方向の細いプリーツをたたみ，金銀糸，色糸で固定し装飾的効果も兼ねるもので，今日でも婦人子供服に多く用いられる。 18世紀末スモックはシフトと名を変え，さらに 19世紀以降はシュミーズと呼ばれるようになった。 (2) 植民地時代のアメリカで，農場労働者や一般労働者が着た厚手の目の粗いリネンのシャツ。 (3) 18世紀以降，ヨーロッパ各地の農場労働者や羊飼いが着ていたスモックフロックの略語。保温と，よごれを防ぐため，日常，服の上から重ねて着たもの。膝丈，長袖で，胸部にはスモッキングが施され，スカートの部分にゆとりをもたせてある。材料はホームスパン，厚手綿など。 (4) 今日では腰丈のゆったりした上着の意で，特に画家，エンジニア，婦人，子供の作業用のものをさす。また，「スモック風」は，ゆったりした，肩ヨークやスモッキングのある上着に冠せられる。

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