Modern English

Japanese: 近代英語 - きんだいえいご
Modern English


【history】
After the Roman legions, which had been stationed in Britain since the 1st century and had been ruling the Celtic inhabitants and protecting them from foreign enemies, returned to their homeland in 410, many Germanic peoples, including the Juts, Angles, and Saxons, who lived in the Jutland Peninsula on the continent, as well as in parts of present-day northern Germany and the Netherlands, came to Britain and settled there from the mid-5th to the 6th centuries. They gradually subjugated the indigenous Celts or drove them to the borderlands, becoming rulers of England and establishing their own language in the area. The history of English began there, but its development is generally divided into three periods: (1) Old English (450-1100), (2) Middle English (1100-1500), and (3) Modern English (1500 and after). This division is based on inflection, one of the characteristics of Indo-European languages.

From the Elizabethan era

…Nevertheless, it was the combined energy of the imperial court and the common people that brought about the blossoming of literature in this era. At the same time, it cannot be overlooked that the nascent modern English language, with its rich flexibility and plasticity, was the perfect medium for expressing robust vitality and unrestrained poetic imagination. In terms of thought, the tradition of Christian humanism was still mainstream, but the skeptical ideas that began to appear around the turn of the century cast a large shadow over literature, and the entire era eventually became increasingly cynicism-like. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "Modern English" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:


【歴史】
 1世紀からブリテン島に駐留してケルト系の住民を支配するとともに外敵から守っていたローマの軍団が410年に本国に引き上げた後,5世紀半ばから6世紀にかけて大陸のユトランド半島,今日のドイツ北部およびオランダの一部に住んでいたゲルマン系のジュート人,アングル人,サクソン人が多数ブリテン島に渡来,定住するようになり,しだいに先住のケルト人を制圧しあるいは辺境の地に追いやってイングランドの支配者となるとともに,彼らの言語がこの地に定着した。英語の歴史はそこに始まるが,その発達の歴史をふつう3期に大別し,(1)古英語(450‐1100),(2)中英語(1100‐1500),(3)近代英語(1500以降)とする。この区分はインド・ヨーロッパ語(以下印欧語と略す)の特色の一つである屈折(屈折語)を尺度として行われる。…

【エリザベス時代】より

…それにもかかわらず,この時代の文芸の開花をもたらしたものは宮廷と庶民の合一的エネルギーであった。同時に,柔軟な可塑性に富む揺籃期の近代英語が,たくましい生命力と奔放な詩的想像を表出するのにうってつけの媒体であったことも,見逃すことはできない。思潮的に見れば,キリスト教的ヒューマニズムの伝統が依然主流をなしていたとはいえ,世紀の改まる頃から現れ始めた懐疑思想は,文学のうえにも大きくその影を落とし,やがて時代全体がシニシズムの色を深めていく。…

※「近代英語」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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