This was the line of French kings that continued from 1328 when Philippe VI, son of Charles, Count of Valois, was chosen as king by a feudal council, until the death of Henry III in 1589. In 1498, the male line of the main Valois family died out, and Louis XII (reigned 1498-1515) of the collateral House of Valois-Orléans succeeded him, but the next king, Francis I (reigned 1515-47), was Louis's husband and descended from the House of Valois-Angoulême, leading to Henry III (reigned 1574-89). The two centuries of the main Valois family coincided with the Hundred Years' War and its end. The conflict with the English royal family over the French throne was fundamentally resolved by the Treaty of Bretigny-Calais in 1360, but in the 15th century, military conflict between the two royal families resurfaced, and the English and Lancastrian royal families once held both the titles of British and French kings (Henry VI). Charles of Valois, who opposed this, restored relations with the Duke of Burgundy, his strongest rival, in the Treaty of Arras in 1435, and restored his royal status (Charles VII, reigned 1422-61). The military control of the English royal family in Normandy and Guienne was eliminated in the 1450s, and under the reign of Louis XI (reigned 1461-83), who succeeded Charles VII, the Duke of Burgundy was dissolved, and the duchy and other ducal territories such as Artois came under the control of the royal family. Under the next king, Charles VIII (reigned 1483-98), most of the other princely territories came under royal control, but the rule of the Duchy of Brittany continued until the time of the House of Valois-Angoulême. The agricultural economy, which had been stagnant since the 14th century, showed signs of recovery in the second half of the 15th century, and the royal power, which was in tune with the development of the urban economy during the time of the Orléans-Angoulême family, advanced into Italy and the Mediterranean, competing with the Austrian Habsburgs for supremacy. The 16th century, which was the period in cultural history when the Italian Renaissance was accepted, was also the period of the Protestant Reformation, and in the second half of the century the royal power was caught in the midst of a conflict between the old and new factions (the Religious Wars). From this vortex, the Bourbon family eventually emerged as the next dynasty. [Koichi Horikoshi] ©Shogakukan "> The Barois Dynasty / Brief Family Tree Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
1328年、バロアValois伯シャルルの子フィリップ(6世)が封建会議によって王に選任されてのち、1589年アンリ3世が死去するまで続いたフランス王の家系。1498年にはバロア本家の男系が絶え、傍系のバロア・オルレアン家のルイ12世(在位1498~1515)がたったが、次代フランソア1世(在位1515~47)はルイの女婿であり、バロア・アングレーム家から出て、アンリ3世(在位1574~89)に至る。バロア本家の2世紀間は、百年戦争とその収拾の時代にあたる。イングランド王家とのフランス王位をめぐる対立は1360年のブレチニー・カレーの和約で原理的な解決をみたが、15世紀に入り、再発した両王家間の軍事的抗争の過程で、イングランド・ランカスター王家は、いったんは英仏両王家を兼ねた(ヘンリー6世)。これに対抗したバロア本家のシャルルは、1435年のアラスの和約で最強の抗争相手であったブルゴーニュ公家との関係を修復し、王家の立場を回復した(シャルル7世、在位1422~61)。イングランド王家のノルマンディー、ギエンヌにおける軍事的支配は、1450年代に排除され、シャルル7世を継いだルイ11世(在位1461~83)の代にはブルゴーニュ公家も解体して、公領ほかアルトア等の公家支配地は王家の統制下に入った。次代シャルル8世(在位1483~98)の代に他の諸侯領もあらかた王家の統制に服したが、ブルターニュ公領の統治は、バロア・アングレーム家の時代にまで持ち越された。14世紀以後沈滞をみせた農業経済も15世紀後半には回復の兆しをみせ、オルレアン・アングレーム家系の代に都市経済の展開と同調した王権は、イタリア、地中海方面に進出して、オーストリア・ハプスブルク家と覇を競う。文化史上イタリア・ルネサンス受容の時代であった16世紀は、同時にまた宗教改革の時代であり、この世紀後半、王権は新旧両派の抗争(ユグノー戦争)の渦中に揺れる。その渦のなかから、やがてブルボン家系が次代王朝として浮かび上がってくる。 [堀越孝一] ©Shogakukan"> バロア朝/略系図 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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