The capital of the Autonomous Region of Sicily in southern Italy. Population: 652,640 (2001 census preliminary). Located in the coastal plain of Conca d'Oro at the foot of Mount Pellegrino (606 meters) in the northwest of Sicily, it is a port city facing Palermo Bay on the Tyrrhenian Sea. The citrus cultivation areas, which once spread over the entire area, decreased significantly after World War II due to the expansion of the urban area. Shipbuilding, food, clothing, furniture, and other manufacturing industries are carried out, but small and medium-sized factories are the norm, except for shipbuilding. There is an air route between Palermo and Rome and Naples, and it is also connected by ship to Naples, Genoa, and other places, so passenger traffic is active. However, Palermo's function as an export port for sulfur and citrus fruits has almost ceased. It is the administrative, transportation, commercial, financial, and cultural center of the region, and has a university founded in 1805. It is home to a variety of architectural styles, including Byzantine, Arabic, Norman and Baroque, including the Norman Royal Palace (12th century, facade from the 18th century), the Cathedral (1185), the Church of San Giovanni degli Eremiti (first half of the 12th century), the Praetorian Fountain (16th century), the National Archaeological Museum and the National Art Museum of Sicily. [Kenichi Sakai] historyIt was founded by the Phoenicians in the 8th to 7th centuries BC. It came under Roman control in 254 BC during the First Punic War. Its Latin name is Panormus. After 535 AD and about three centuries of Byzantine rule, it was occupied by Muslims in 831, under whom it flourished and citrus cultivation began. It was conquered by the Normans in 1072, and reached its zenith as the capital of the Kingdom of Sicily, especially under the rule of Roger II (reigned 1130-54) and later Frederick II of the Hohenstaufen family (reigned 1198-1250). However, it began to decline around the time the Angevin family took over in 1266 and the rebellion known as the "Sicilian Vespers" (1282) occurred. Economically, from the end of the 17th century onwards, it became more of a distribution center for agricultural products than a port city. It was later ruled by the Savoys, the Bourbons, and others, before being annexed by the Kingdom of Italy in 1860. [Kenichi Sakai] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イタリア南部、シチリア自治州の州都。人口65万2640(2001国勢調査速報値)。シチリア島北西部、ペッレグリーノ山(606メートル)の麓(ふもと)に広がる海岸平野コンカ・ドーロに位置し、ティレニア海のパレルモ湾に面する港湾都市。かつて一面に広がっていた柑橘(かんきつ)類の栽培地は、第二次世界大戦後、市街地の拡大に伴い著しく減少した。造船、食品、衣料、家具などの製造業が営まれるが、造船業を除けば中小工場が一般的である。ローマおよびナポリとの間に航空路がありナポリやジェノバなど各地と船でも結ばれ、旅客の往来は活発である。しかし硫黄(いおう)や柑橘類の輸出港としてのパレルモ港の機能は、いまではほとんど停止している。州の行政、交通、商業、金融、文化の中心地で、1805年創設の大学がある。ビザンティン、アラブ、ノルマン、バロックなど多様な様式の建築物が残る。ノルマン王宮(12世紀、正面は18世紀)、大聖堂(1185)、サン・ジョバンニ・デリ・エレミティ教会(12世紀前半)、プレトリアの泉(16世紀)、国立考古学博物館、国立シチリア美術館などがある。 [堺 憲一] 歴史紀元前8~前7世紀、フェニキア人によって建設された。第一次ポエニ戦争中の前254年、ローマ人の支配下に入る。ラテン名パノルムスPanormus。紀元後535年以後約3世紀のビザンティン帝国支配を経て、831年イスラム教徒に占領され、そのもとで繁栄し、柑橘類の栽培が始まった。1072年ノルマン人により征服され、とくにルッジェーロ2世(在位1130~54)と後のホーエンシュタウフェン家のフリードリヒ2世(在位1198~1250)治世下で、シチリア王国の首都として全盛時代を迎える。しかし1266年アンジュー家の支配が始まり、「シチリアの晩鐘」とよばれる反乱(1282)が起こるころから衰退が始まった。経済的には17世紀末以降、港湾都市というより農産物の集散地としての性格を強めるようになった。その後サボイア、ブルボンなどによる統治を経て、1860年イタリア王国に併合された。 [堺 憲一] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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