A town in Balkh Province in north-central Afghanistan. A historic city located on the right bank of the Balkh River in the Amu Darya coastal plain, about 25 km west-northwest of the provincial capital Mazar-e-Sharif. It is generally considered to be the same city as the capital of the Bactria province (Satrapi) of the Achaemenid Empire, conquered by Alexander the Great and named Alexandria Bactra. It was a key transportation point connecting Central Asia with India and China, and a major trading center on the Silk Road. It flourished as a major city under the rule of the Kushan Empire in the 1st century BC, the Hephthalite Empire in the 5th century, and the Islamic Empire from the 7th century. It was destroyed by Genghis Khan's army in 1220 and was in ruins for a long time. As an important trading point, it became the capital of the region again in the early 19th century, but due to an epidemic, the provincial capital was moved to Mazar-e-Sharif in 1866 and it declined. Population: about 3,000. Balkh |
アフガニスタン中央北部,バルフ州の町。州都マザーレシャリーフの西北西約 25km,アムダリア沿岸平野のバルフ川右岸に位置する歴史的な都市。一般にアケメネス朝ペルシアのバクトリア州 (サトラッピ) の首都で,アレクサンドロス大王に征服され,アレクサンドリア・バクトラと命名された都市と同一地とされている。当時から中央アジアとインド,中国を結ぶ交通の要地で,シルクロード上の一大交易地でもあった。前1世紀にはクシャン朝,5世紀にエフタル,7世紀からはイスラムの支配下の主要都市として繁栄した。 1220年にチンギス・ハン軍によって破壊され,長く廃虚であった。通商上の重要地点として 19世紀初め再びこの地域の首都となったが,流行病のため,1866年マザーレシャリーフに州都が移され衰微した。人口約 3000。
バルフ
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