Nautical Almanac

Japanese: 航海暦 - こうかいれき
Nautical Almanac

A calendar that records the positions of celestial bodies necessary for navigators to determine the ship's position by celestial navigation. The one for aircraft is called the aviation almanac. Navigators must quickly determine their position on a moving ship, so the almanac divides time intervals into smaller intervals for navigation, and records the Greenwich hour angle and declination of the sun, moon, planets, and bright stars (mainly first magnitude stars), as well as the rise and set times and noon times of the sun and moon. However, compared to astronomical position tables for astronomers, the accuracy of the almanac is inferior to that of astronomical position tables for astronomers, because a sextant is used as an astronomical observation instrument. Before World War II, Japan had the Tensoku Reki and Tensoku Brief Calendar, which were compiled from the celestial almanac by the Navy Hydrographic Department. Of these, the Tensoku Brief Calendar has been published since 1926 (Taisho 15) for aviation use. After World War II, it has been published annually by the Marine Information Department (formerly the Hydrographic Department) of the Japan Coast Guard.

[Toshio Watanabe]

``Celestial Navigation'' by Takeo Makihata, revised edition (1988, Seizando Shoten)''``Celestial Navigation'' by Kenji Hasegawa, revised new edition (1994, Kaibundo Publishing)''``Practice Astronomical Calendar'' edited by Navigation Technology Study Group (2001, Seizando Shoten)''

[References] | Astronomical Ephemeris | Celestial Navigation | Sextant

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

航海者が天文航法によって船舶の位置を決定するのに必要な天体の位置を記した暦書。航空機用のものは航空暦という。航海者は、動いている船上でその位置を速やかに決定しなければならないため、天体暦から、とくに航海に便利なように時間間隔を細分した時刻に対して、太陽・月・惑星・明るい恒星(主として1等星)のグリニジ時角と赤緯、太陽・月の出没時刻、正中時刻が記載されている。しかし航海暦は、天文家用の天体位置表に比べて、天体観測器として六分儀を使用するため、その記載精度は劣る。日本には、第二次世界大戦前は海軍水路部が天体暦から編纂(へんさん)した『天測暦』『天測略暦』があり、このうち『天測略暦』は航空用として1926年(大正15)以来刊行されたものである。第二次世界大戦後は海上保安庁海洋情報部(旧、水路部)から毎年出版されている。

[渡辺敏夫]

『巻幡竹夫著『天文航法』新訂版(1988・成山堂書店)』『長谷川健二著『天文航法』改訂新版(1994・海文堂出版)』『航海技術研究会編『練習用 天測暦』(2001・成山堂書店)』

[参照項目] | 天体暦 | 天文航法 | 六分儀

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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