Paraguayan War - Paraguay War

A war between Paraguay and the allied forces of Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay that lasted from November 1864 to March 1870. It is also known as the War of the Triple Alliance. In Uruguay, there had been fierce conflict between the Colorado and Blanco parties since the 1830s, and in 1863 the Colorado party rose up in revolt against the Blanco government. As Argentina and Brazil joined the rebels, the Blanco government asked Paraguay for support. Paraguay responded, and in November 1864 it began hostilities with Brazil, and in March 1865 it entered into a state of war with Argentina. During this time, the Colorado party took power in Uruguay, replacing the Blanco party in February 1865, and in May 1865 it concluded an offensive and defensive alliance with Argentina and Brazil, forcing Paraguay into fighting against three countries. Although the Paraguayan army fought well in the early stages of the war in Brazilian and Argentine territories, they could not avoid being at a disadvantage, and were defeated in March 1970 with the death of President Solano Lopez. As a result, Paraguay's land area was reduced to about three-quarters of its prewar size, and its population was also reduced to less than half of its prewar size. In particular, the deaths of many adult males in the war led to an imbalance in the ratio of men to women, a decline in sexual morals, and a rapid increase in illegitimate children, which was one of the factors that delayed the country's development.

[Hiroshi Matsushita]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

1864年11月から70年3月に及ぶアルゼンチン、ブラジル、ウルグアイ三国の同盟軍とパラグアイとの戦争。三国同盟戦争ともいう。ウルグアイでは1830年代以後、コロラド党とブランコ党の間で激しい抗争を繰り返してきたが、63年にブランコ党政府に反対してコロラド党が蜂起(ほうき)した。アルゼンチンとブラジルが反乱軍に加勢したため、ブランコ党政府はパラグアイに支援を求めた。同国はこれに応じ、64年11月ブラジルとの戦端を開き、65年3月にはアルゼンチンと戦争状態に突入した。この間にウルグアイでは65年2月にブランコ党にかわってコロラド党が政権の座につき、65年5月アルゼンチン、ブラジルとの攻守同盟を締結したため、パラグアイは三国を相手に戦うはめに陥った。パラグアイ軍は緒戦ではブラジル・アルゼンチン領で善戦したものの劣勢は免れず、70年3月、ソラーノ・ロペス大統領の戦死をもって敗戦した。この結果、パラグアイの国土は戦前の4分の3ほどに減少し、人口も戦前の半分以下となった。とくに成人男子の多数が戦死したことは、男女の比をアンバランスにし、性モラルの低下や私生児の急増を招き、国の発展を遅らせる一因となった。

［松下　洋］

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