Hamadan is the capital of Hamadan Province in central-western Iran. It is located about 280 km southwest of Tehran, at the foot of the Arvand Mountains, at an altitude of 1,877 m. It has been an open area since ancient times, and was called Bitdaiukki in the Assyrian period and Agbatana or Hangmatana (Greek: Ekbatana) in the Median period, and was the capital of the Median Kingdom. After its downfall (550 BC), it was chosen as the summer capital during the Achaemenid period and flourished, with lavishly decorated palaces and temples built there. It was conquered by the Arabs around 642, and became the capital of the Seljuk Empire in the late 12th century. However, it was destroyed by the Mongol army (around 1220) and captured by Timur (1386). It was improved and beautified by Abbas I in the 17th century, but in the 18th century it became a target of conflict between Iraq and Persia, and its population dropped sharply. It is now one of Iran's major commercial cities, a leather trading center, and a major carpet production center. The recently excavated "Treasures of Hamadan" are famous. The city suffered heavy damage during the Iran-Iraq War. Population: 349,653 (1991). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
イラン中央西部,ハマダーン州の州都。テヘランの南西約 280km,アルバンド山麓,標高 1877mに位置する。古代から開けたところで,アッシリア時代にはビットダイウッキ,メディア時代にはアグバタナあるいはハングマタナ (ギリシア語ではエクバタナ) と呼ばれ,メディア王国の首都であったが,その滅亡 (前 550) 後,アケメネス朝時代にも夏の都に選ばれて繁栄し,豪華な装飾を施した宮殿や寺院が建てられた。 642年頃アラビア人に征服され,12世紀後半にはセルジューク朝の首都となった。しかしモンゴル軍による破壊 (1220頃) や,チムールの攻略 (1386) を受けた。 17世紀アッバース1世によって改良美化されたが,18世紀にはイラクとペルシアの争奪の的となり人口が激減した。現在はイランの主要商業都市の一つで,皮革の交易中心地,絨毯の主要生産地。近年発掘された「ハマダーンの遺宝」は有名。イラン=イラク戦争で大きな被害を受けた。人口 34万 9653 (1991) 。
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