Babbitt, Milton

Japanese: バビット(英語表記)Babbitt, Milton
Babbitt, Milton
Born: May 10, 1916 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
[Died]January 29, 2011. Princeton, New Jersey. American composer and music theorist. Full name Milton Byron Babbitt. Known for the complexity of his compositions, he was a proponent of total serialism, a compositional technique that uses all 12 tones in an octave equally, just like 12-tone music, but also determines the dynamics, note value, timbre, and range of the notes based on serial techniques. While attending New York University, he studied under composer Roger Sessions. In addition to Composition for Synthesizer (1961), which attempted to strictly control all elements of composition, and Philomel (1964), which layered live and recorded soprano over a synthesizer, he also created works using conventional instruments such as piano and strings. He continued to use the serial technique in his later works, and left behind works with a variety of arrangements, from chamber music to solo pieces and symphonies. He taught at Princeton University from 1938 to 1984, and became a professor at the Juilliard School in 1973. He was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters in 1965. In 1982, he was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for his lifetime of composition.

Babbitt
Babbitt, Irving

Born: August 2, 1865 in Dayton, Ohio
[Died] July 15, 1933. Cambridge, Massachusetts. American critic. After graduating from Harvard University, he studied at the University of Paris, and from 1894 taught French and comparative literature at Harvard. He was a central figure in the new humanism movement that emerged in America in the 1920s, attacking Rousseau-style romanticism and preaching ethics and classical tradition. His major works include Literature and the American College (1908), The New Laokoön (10), Rousseau and Romanticism (19), and Democracy and Leadership (24).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1916.5.10. ペンシルバニア,フィラデルフィア
[没]2011.1.29. ニュージャージー,プリンストン
アメリカ合衆国の作曲家,音楽理論家。フルネーム Milton Byron Babbitt。楽曲の難解さで知られ,12音技法(→12音音楽)と同じくオクターブ内の全 12音を均等に使うだけでなく,音の強弱,音価,音色,音域などを音列技法に基づいて決める作曲技法トータル・セリエリズム(総音列主義)の主唱者。ニューヨーク大学に通いながら,作曲家ロジャー・セッションズに師事した。作曲のあらゆる要素を厳密に制御しようと試みた『シンセサイザのためのコンポジション』(1961),シンセサイザに生と録音ずみのソプラノを重ねた『フィロメル』(1964)のほか,ピアノや弦楽器など通常の楽器を使う作品も手がけた。後期の作品でもセリー技法を用い続け,室内楽から独奏曲,交響曲までさまざまな編成の作品を残した。1938~84年プリンストン大学で教鞭をとる一方,1973年にジュリアード音楽院教授に就任。1965年全米芸術文化協会会員。1982年生涯の作曲活動が評価され,ピュリッツァー賞を受賞した。

バビット
Babbitt, Irving

[生]1865.8.2. オハイオ,デートン
[没]1933.7.15. マサチューセッツ,ケンブリッジ
アメリカの批評家。ハーバード大学卒業後,パリ大学に学び,1894年以後ハーバードでフランス文学と比較文学を講じた。 1920年代アメリカに興った新ヒューマニズム運動の中心的人物で,ルソー流のロマン主義を攻撃し,倫理性と古典的伝統を説いた。主著『文学とアメリカの大学』 Literature and the American College (1908) ,『新ラオコーン』 The New Laokoön (10) ,『ルソーとロマン主義』 Rousseau and Romanticism (19) ,『民主主義とリーダーシップ』 Democracy and Leadership (24) など。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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