Trypanosoma is a genus of Trypanosoma in the order Kinetoplastida of the class Zoanoflagellates of the phylum Sarcomastigote, subphylum Flagellate, subphylum Zoanoflagellates, suborder Trypanosoma. It usually has two hosts, vertebrates and invertebrates, and in the former it parasitizes in the bloodstream as a trypomastegote-type parasite, but in some species it transforms into a spherical amastegote-type parasite within the cells. Most of the invertebrate hosts are blood-sucking insects such as tsetse flies, assassin bugs, and horseflies, and the trypomastegotes that enter the invertebrate hosts by sucking blood metamorphose into epimastegotes in the digestive system, multiply and increase in number, and then transform into trypomastegotes again, which are then sent to the vertebrate host during the next blood-suck to spread the disease. The most conspicuous trypomastegoid parasite is a long, willow-leaf-like parasite with a body length of 10 to 70 micrometers, a single nucleus in the center of the body, and a single kinetoplast near the rear end of the body, from which a single flagellum extends forward along the side of the body, with a wavy membrane stretched between the main body and the flagellum. The flagellum is free at the front end of the body and becomes a free flagellum. They multiply by longitudinal binary or multiple fission. They parasitize a wide range of vertebrates, and more than 300 species are known, but T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense , the pathogens of African sleeping sickness, and T. cruzi, the pathogen of Chagas disease, are particularly important in medicine, while T. theileri , which damages cattle and deer, and T. equiperdum , which causes inflammation of the reproductive organs of horses, are particularly important in veterinary medicine. Effective treatments include furamin, pentamidine, benznidazole, and the nitrofuran drug "nifurtimox." [Chikara Koyama] [Reference] |©Shogakukan "> Developmental cycle of Trypanosoma gambiens Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
肉質鞭毛(べんもう)虫門鞭毛虫亜門動物性鞭毛虫綱キネトプラスト目トリパノソーマ亜目の1属Trypanosomaで、単細胞性寄生動物。普通、脊椎(せきつい)動物と無脊椎動物の二つの宿主をもち、前者では血流中にトリポマステゴート型虫体で寄生するが、ある種のものでは、細胞内で球形無鞭毛のアマステゴート型虫体になるものもある。無脊椎動物宿主の大部分がツェツェバエ、サシガメ、アブなどの吸血性昆虫で、吸血によってその体内に入ったトリポマステゴートは、消化系内で変態してエピマステゴート型となり、増殖して個体数を増し、ふたたびトリポマステゴート型となって、次の吸血時にそれらは脊椎動物宿主に送り込まれて伝播(でんぱ)の役を果たす。もっとも目だつトリポマステゴート型虫体は、細長い柳葉状で体長10~70マイクロメートル、体中央部に1個の核と、体後端付近に1個のキネトプラストがあり、後者の近くからは1本の鞭毛が体側に沿って前方へ伸び、本体と鞭毛の間には波動膜が張られている。鞭毛は体前端では遊離して自由鞭毛となっている。縦割り二分裂または多分裂で増殖。脊椎動物に広く寄生し、300種以上が知られているが、アフリカ睡眠病の病原体T. gambienseやT. rhodesiense、シャーガス病の病原体T. cruziなどは医学上、またウシやシカに被害を与えるT. theileriや、ウマの生殖器に炎症をおこすT. equiperdumなどは獣医学上とくに重要である。治療薬には、フラミン、ペンタミジン、ベンツニダゾールや、ニトロフラン剤「ニフルティモックス」などが有効である。 [小山 力] [参照項目] |©Shogakukan"> トリパノソーマ・ガンビエンスの発育環 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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