A general term for non-dramatic films. The term is derived from the direct translation of Kulturfilm, which was actively produced by the German company UFA in the 1920s and 1930s. In Japan at the time, it vaguely referred to films that depicted natural science, health, and other subjects in an enlightening or educational way, but after the establishment of the Film Law in 1939 (Showa 14), which made it mandatory to screen "cultural films and current events films," it became a more general term. Cultural films are defined as "films that contribute to the cultivation of the national spirit or the enlightenment of the national intelligence, and are not dramatic films," and became a general term for educational, scientific, tourist, and documentary films. This law further strengthened state control and censorship of films. The enlightenment and education of the people through films was nothing other than the advertising of national policies and the indoctrination of the people. After World War II, educational films, short films, and documentary films were more commonly used than cultural films. [Tomonori Saeki] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
非劇映画の総称の一つ。1920年代から30年代に、ドイツのウーファ社が盛んに発表したクルトゥアフィルムKulturfilmの直訳に発することばで、当時の日本では漠然と自然科学や保健衛生などを啓蒙(けいもう)的に、あるいは教育的に描いた映画をさしていたが、39年(昭和14)の映画法の制定によって「文化映画、時事映画の上映」が義務づけられて以後、より一般に実体化した。文化映画は「国民精神ノ涵養(かんよう)又ハ国民智能(ちのう)ノ啓培ニ資スルモノニシテ劇映画ニ非(あら)ザルモノ」との定義をもつ、教育、科学、観光、記録などの非劇映画の総称となり、この法律によって映画に対する国家統制と検閲はさらに強化された。そしてそこでの映画による国民の啓蒙と教育とは、国家政策を宣伝し、国民を教化するものにほかならなかった。第二次世界大戦後は文化映画というよりも、一般には教育映画、短編映画、記録映画などが多く用いられている。 [佐伯知紀] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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