The difference between the magnitude of a star measured in short wavelength light and the magnitude measured in longer wavelength light. It is abbreviated as CI. The most commonly used is the photographic magnitude measured on a normal photographic plate sensitive to blue light minus the photographic visual magnitude measured on a plate sensitized to yellow light to match the response of the human eye. With the development of photoelectric photometry, photoelectric magnitudes in both wavelengths were used to obtain more precise values. This index represents the color of a star and gives a rough indication of the temperature and distribution of radiant energy of the star. It is set to zero for main sequence stars of spectral type A0, negative values for early stars that are bluer than this, and positive values for late red stars. For example, the apparent magnitudes of the stars Betelgeuse and Rigel in the constellation Orion are 0.8 and 0.08, respectively, but their photographic magnitudes are 2.66 and 0.66, respectively, giving them color indices of 1.86 and -0.02, respectively. In addition to this color index, other color indices are now used that combine photoelectric photometric magnitudes in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared wavelength ranges, depending on the purpose. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
ある星の短波長の光による等級からより長い波長の光による等級を引いた差。 CIと略称する。普通よく使われるものは,青色光に鋭敏な普通の写真乾板から測定される写真等級から,人間の眼の反応と一致するように黄色光への感光性を与えられた写真乾板上で測定される写真実視等級を引いた値である。光電測光の発達に伴って,精密な値を得るために両波長域での光電測光による等級が使われるようになった。この指数は星の色を表わし,星の温度や放射エネルギーの分布のだいたいの目安を与える。スペクトル型 A0の主系列星でゼロとなるようにしてあり,これより青い早期型星ではマイナス,晩期型の赤い星ではプラスの値をとる。たとえば,オリオン座のα星 (ベテルギウス) とβ星 (リゲル) は実視等級がそれぞれ 0.8等と 0.08等であるが,写真等級はそれぞれ 2.66等と 0.66等で,色指数の値はそれぞれ 1.86と-0.02である。現在では,この色指数のほかに,可視光の他の波長域および紫外線や赤外線の波長域での光電測光による等級を組合せて,目的に応じた色指数が使われている。
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