Chromatic aberration

Japanese: 色収差 - いろしゅうさ
Chromatic aberration

The position and size of an image created by a lens varies depending on the wavelength of light. When sunlight is shone on a prism, the light that passes through the prism is split into a rainbow-like spectrum. This occurs because the degree to which a prism refracts light varies depending on the wavelength of the light. Even with lenses that use the refraction of light to create an image of an object, the refractive index changes depending on the wavelength of light, so when light consisting of many wavelengths, such as white light, is used, the position and size of the image changes depending on the wavelength. This type of image aberration that occurs when light of different wavelengths is used is called chromatic aberration. Mirrors that use the reflection of light do not produce chromatic aberration. The process of correcting chromatic aberration is called achromatism, and a lens that has corrected chromatic aberration is called an achromatic lens. Chromatic aberration must often be corrected in copying lenses used to create original plates for photographic printing, and in high-magnification microscope objective lenses.

[Kazuo Miyake]

[Reference item] | Achromatic lenses
Position and size of images produced by light of different wavelengths
©Shogakukan ">

Position and size of images produced by light of different wavelengths


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

レンズによって生ずる像の位置や大きさが光の波長によって異なること。プリズムに太陽からの光を当てると、プリズムを通過したあとは、虹(にじ)のようなスペクトルに分かれる。これは、プリズムが、光を屈折させる程度が光の波長によって異なるために生ずる。光の屈折を利用して物体の像を生ずるレンズでも、屈折率が光の波長によって変化するため、白色光のように多くの波長の光からなる光を使用すると、像のできる位置や大きさが波長によって変化する。このように、異なる波長の光を使用したとき生ずる像の収差のことを色収差という。光の反射を利用する鏡では色収差は生じない。色収差を補正することを色消し、色収差を補正したレンズのことを色消しレンズという。写真印刷などの原版をつくる複写用レンズや高倍率の顕微鏡対物レンズは、よく色収差を補正する必要がある。

[三宅和夫]

[参照項目] | 色消しレンズ
波長の異なる光で生ずる像の位置と大きさ
©Shogakukan">

波長の異なる光で生ずる像の位置と大きさ


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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