In chemical reactions, this refers to a type of reaction in which the reaction proceeds in the forward direction (forward reaction) from the starting system to the product system, but at the same time the reaction also proceeds in the reverse direction (reverse reaction). Generally, any reaction will reach chemical equilibrium after a sufficient amount of time, where the rate of the forward reaction and the rate of the reverse reaction will be equal, and the reaction will seemingly stop progressing. Strictly speaking, all reactions are reversible, and there is no reaction that proceeds in only one direction, but if this equilibrium is shifted extremely toward either the starting system or the product system, the reaction may appear to not proceed at all, or it may all react and only the product system will remain. This is called an irreversible reaction. In contrast, if the equilibrium is not shifted extremely in this way, equilibrium is reached when the molar concentration ratio of the starting system and the product system reaches a certain constant ratio. For example, the reaction to produce an ester from ethanol (ethyl alcohol) and acetic acid is, [Toda Genjiro] [Reference] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
化学反応では、原系から生成系へと正方向に反応が進行(正反応)するが、同時に逆方向へも反応が進む(逆反応)ようなタイプの反応をいう。一般に、どんな反応でも十分時間がたてば化学平衡に達し、正反応の速度と逆反応の速度とが等しくなって、見かけ上、反応の進行は止まってしまう。厳密にいえば、すべての反応は可逆反応であり、片方向にしか進まない反応はないわけだが、この平衡が原系もしくは生成系のどちらかに極端にずれている場合は、見かけ上まったく反応が進まなかったり、あるいは全部反応して生成系のみになってしまう。これを不可逆反応という。これに対し、平衡がこのように極端にずれていない場合は、原系、生成系のモル濃度比がある一定比になったところで平衡に達する。たとえば、エタノール(エチルアルコール)と酢酸からのエステル生成反応は、 [戸田源治郎] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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