Panama hat plant

Japanese: パナマソウ - ぱなまそう(英語表記)Panama hat plant
Panama hat plant

A perennial plant of the family Panamansia (APG classification: Panamanianaceae). Native to the northwestern South America and Central America. It is widely cultivated in Ecuador and Colombia. Palm-like leaves grow in clusters from the ground. The leaf blade is circular, about 1 meter in diameter, palmately lobed into four, each of which is further lobed and shiny. The petiole is more than 2 meters long. The flowers are borne on the tip of a stalk that extends 20 to 30 centimeters from the base, and are in the form of a spadix about 15 centimeters long, with four male flowers surrounded by female flowers arranged in a spiral. The fruit is a berry that turns red when ripe. The leaf fibers are elastic, strong, light, and durable. Young leaves that have just begun to open are harvested, roughly torn, soaked in boiling water, and then torn into even strips while leaving the petiole slightly attached to prevent the leaf blade from falling apart. It is then bleached and dried, and used as a material for knitting, such as Panama hats. The name Panama grass comes from this. It can be harvested from the second year after planting, and about 25 leaves can be harvested per year from a five-year-old plant. In the tropics, it is also planted in gardens as an ornamental plant.

[Hoshikawa Kiyochika October 19, 2018]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

パナマソウ科(APG分類:パナマソウ科)の多年草。南アメリカ北西部から中央アメリカにかけての地域が原産地。エクアドルやコロンビアなどで広く栽培されている。ヤシに似た葉が地際から叢生(そうせい)する。葉身は円形で直径約1メートル、掌状に大きく四つに裂け、それぞれがさらに細かく裂けており、つやがある。葉柄は長さ2メートル以上になる。花は根元から20~30センチメートル伸び立った柄の先につき、長さ約15センチメートルの肉穂状の花序で、4個の雄花に囲まれた雌花が螺旋(らせん)状に並ぶ。果実は液果で熟すと赤色になる。葉の繊維は弾力があり強く軽く、耐久性が強い。葉身の開き始めた若い葉を収穫し、粗く裂き、熱湯に浸してから、ばらばらにならないように葉柄をすこしつけたまま葉身を均一に細裂する。次に漂白、乾燥させて、パナマ帽などの編物細工原料とする。パナマソウの名はこれに由来する。植え付け後2年目から収穫でき、植え付け5年たった株からは、年間約25枚の葉が収穫できる。なお、熱帯では観賞用として庭園などにも植えられている。

[星川清親 2018年10月19日]

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