Byrd, Richard E.

Japanese: バード(英語表記)Byrd, Richard E.
Byrd, Richard E.
Born October 25, 1888 in Winchester, Virginia.
[Died] March 11, 1957. Boston, Massachusetts. American polar explorer, soldier, and aviator. Full name Richard Evelyn Byrd. Known for his Antarctic aerial exploration. Graduated from the Naval Academy and distinguished himself in World War I. In 1926, he took off in an airplane from Kings Bay, Svalbard, and circled the North Pole. He claimed to have reached the North Pole, but Byrd's diary, discovered in 1996, suggests that he was 240 km short of the pole when he decided to turn back due to concerns about a fuel leak, and this is now called into question. In 1927, he successfully flew across the Atlantic. From 1928 to 1930, he led a large expedition to the Antarctic, during which he reached the Antarctic by airplane from his base, Little America, in 1929. In 1930, he was promoted to rear admiral. 1933-1935: Conducted the second Antarctic expedition, collecting a large amount of meteorological data and mapping ocean lines. 1939-1941: Conducted the third expedition and established a wintering base. Served in the Pacific during World War II. After the war, in 1947, led the largest Antarctic expedition in history. In 1955, became the commander-in-chief of the American expedition. Major work: "Alone" (1938). (→ Antarctic Expedition, Arctic Expedition)

Bird
Bird, Robert Montgomery

Born: February 5, 1806, New Castle, Delaware
[died] January 23, 1854. Philadelphia. American playwright and novelist. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, but soon turned to playwriting, writing such historical plays as The Gladiator (1831), a historical drama depicting the Spartacus Rebellion, and The Broker of Bogota (34), a family tragedy set in 18th-century Colombia. He later turned to novels, most famous for Nick of the Woods (37), a story about the struggle between frontier farmers and North American Indians.

Bird
Byrd, William

Born 1543. Lincoln, Lincolnshire?
Died: July 4, 1623, Stondonmessey, Essex. A leading English composer and organist of the Elizabethan era. He became organist at Lincoln Cathedral in 1563, and in 1572 joined the Royal Chapel in London as organist together with his master T. Tallis. In 1575, the two were granted the right to print and publish music in England by Elizabeth I, and after Tallis' death in 1585, they monopolized the rights. His compositions include madrigals, masses, English church music, and works for viol and virginal.

Bird
Byrd, William

Born: March 28, 1674, Virginia
[Died] August 26, 1744. Westover, Virginia. A representative and wealthy tobacco planter in Virginia during the American colonial period. He inherited a huge inheritance from his father of the same name and studied at the Middle Temple in London (1684-92). He was a member of the Virginia Provincial Assembly in 1692 and a member of the assembly in 1709. He was also involved in surveying the west, and his book The History of the Dividing Line is a valuable historical document.

Bird
Byrd, Harry Flood

Born: 1887
[Died] 1966
American politician. Senator from Virginia in 1915. Governor of Virginia from 1926 to 1930. Senator in 1933. Chairman of the Senate Finance Committee in 1955. A conservative Democrat, he opposed the expansion of federal power.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1888.10.25. バージニア,ウィンチェスター
[没]1957.3.11. マサチューセッツ,ボストン
アメリカ合衆国の極地探検家,軍人,飛行家。フルネーム Richard Evelyn Byrd。飛行機での南極探検で知られる。海軍兵学校を卒業し,第1次世界大戦で武勲を立てた。1926年スバールバル諸島のキングズベイから飛行機で離陸し,北極上空を周回した。このとき北極点到達を宣言したが,1996年に発見されたバードの日記では,燃料漏れの懸念から引き返すことを決めたとき,北極点の 240km手前だったことが示唆されており,今日では北極点到達が疑問視されている。1927年大西洋横断飛行に成功。1928~30年大規模な探検隊を率いて南極に遠征し,その間 1929年基地リトルアメリカから飛行機で南極まで達した。1930年海軍少将に昇進。1933~35年 2回目の南極探検を行ない,大量の気象データの収集と海洋線の地図化を進めた。1939~41年第3回の探検を行ない越冬基地をつくった。第2次世界大戦で太平洋方面に従軍。戦後 1947年には史上最大の南極探検隊を指揮。1955年アメリカ探検隊の総指揮官となる。主著 "Alone"(1938)。(→南極探検,北極探検)

バード
Bird, Robert Montgomery

[生]1806.2.5. デラウェア,ニューカッスル
[没]1854.1.23. フィラデルフィア
アメリカの劇作家,小説家。ペンシルバニア大学医学部を卒業したが,まもなく劇作に手を染め,スパルタクスの乱を描いた歴史劇『闘士』 The Gladiator (1831) や,18世紀のコロンビアを舞台にした家庭悲劇『ボゴタの金貸し』 The Broker of Bogota (34) などを書いた。のち小説に転じ,フロンティアの農民と北アメリカ先住民族 (インディアン) との闘争を描いた『森の悪魔』 Nick of the Woods (37) が最も有名。

バード
Byrd, William

[生]1543. リンカーンシャー,リンカーン?
[没]1623.7.4. エセックス,ストンドンメシー
イギリスのエリザベス朝時代を代表する作曲家,オルガン奏者。 1563年リンカーン大聖堂のオルガン奏者となったが,1572年師 T.タリスとともにロンドンの王室礼拝堂のメンバーに加わり,オルガン奏者を務めた。 1575年両者にエリザベス1世からイギリスにおける楽譜の印刷・出版権を与えられ,1585年タリスの死後,その権利を独占。作品にはマドリガル,ミサ曲,英語の教会音楽,ビオルやバージナルのための作品などがある。

バード
Byrd, William

[生]1674.3.28. バージニア
[没]1744.8.26. バージニア,ウェストーバー
アメリカ植民地時代におけるバージニアの代表的,かつ富裕なたばこ栽培プランター (大農場主) 。同名の父の莫大な遺産を継ぎ,ロンドンのミドル・テンプルに留学 (1684~92) 。 1692年バージニア植民地議会議員,1709年同参事会員。西部の測量にも従事し,著作『境界線の歴史』 The History of the Dividing Lineは貴重な史料である。

バード
Byrd, Harry Flood

[生]1887
[没]1966
アメリカの政治家。 1915年バージニア州上院議員。 26~30年同州知事,33年連邦上院議員を経て,55年に上院財政委員会委員長となった。保守的民主党員で,連邦権力拡大に反対した。

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