Born October 25, 1888 in Winchester, Virginia. [Died] March 11, 1957. Boston, Massachusetts. American polar explorer, soldier, and aviator. Full name Richard Evelyn Byrd. Known for his Antarctic aerial exploration. Graduated from the Naval Academy and distinguished himself in World War I. In 1926, he took off in an airplane from Kings Bay, Svalbard, and circled the North Pole. He claimed to have reached the North Pole, but Byrd's diary, discovered in 1996, suggests that he was 240 km short of the pole when he decided to turn back due to concerns about a fuel leak, and this is now called into question. In 1927, he successfully flew across the Atlantic. From 1928 to 1930, he led a large expedition to the Antarctic, during which he reached the Antarctic by airplane from his base, Little America, in 1929. In 1930, he was promoted to rear admiral. 1933-1935: Conducted the second Antarctic expedition, collecting a large amount of meteorological data and mapping ocean lines. 1939-1941: Conducted the third expedition and established a wintering base. Served in the Pacific during World War II. After the war, in 1947, led the largest Antarctic expedition in history. In 1955, became the commander-in-chief of the American expedition. Major work: "Alone" (1938). (→ Antarctic Expedition, Arctic Expedition) Bird |
[生]1888.10.25. バージニア,ウィンチェスター [没]1957.3.11. マサチューセッツ,ボストン アメリカ合衆国の極地探検家,軍人,飛行家。フルネーム Richard Evelyn Byrd。飛行機での南極探検で知られる。海軍兵学校を卒業し,第1次世界大戦で武勲を立てた。1926年スバールバル諸島のキングズベイから飛行機で離陸し,北極上空を周回した。このとき北極点到達を宣言したが,1996年に発見されたバードの日記では,燃料漏れの懸念から引き返すことを決めたとき,北極点の 240km手前だったことが示唆されており,今日では北極点到達が疑問視されている。1927年大西洋横断飛行に成功。1928~30年大規模な探検隊を率いて南極に遠征し,その間 1929年基地リトルアメリカから飛行機で南極まで達した。1930年海軍少将に昇進。1933~35年 2回目の南極探検を行ない,大量の気象データの収集と海洋線の地図化を進めた。1939~41年第3回の探検を行ない越冬基地をつくった。第2次世界大戦で太平洋方面に従軍。戦後 1947年には史上最大の南極探検隊を指揮。1955年アメリカ探検隊の総指揮官となる。主著 "Alone"(1938)。(→南極探検,北極探検) バード
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