German-born American astronomer. Discoverer of stellar populations. He obtained his doctorate from the University of Göttingen in 1919, and served as a member of the Hamburg Observatory. In 1931, he moved to the United States to work at the Mount Wilson Observatory, and then at the Mount Palomar Observatory in 1948. In his early observations, he discovered the peculiar asteroids Hidalgo and Icarus. He then turned his attention to observing the Milky Way and other galaxies. In 1942, during World War II, under blackout conditions in Los Angeles, he attached a special dry plate and filter to a 100-inch (2.54 m) mirror and succeeded in resolving the core of the Andromeda Galaxy into images of red giants. He also discovered that the distribution of the H-R diagram differed between the periphery and the core of the nebula, and classified the former as the first population and the latter as the second population. In 1952, he confirmed that the period-luminosity relationships of two types of pulsating variable stars in the galaxy were different, and revised Shapley's distance scale to about 2.5 times the previous scale. In 1959 he returned to Germany and became a professor at his alma mater. [Shimamura Fukutaro] [References] | | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツ生まれのアメリカの天文学者。星の種族の発見者。1919年ゲッティンゲン大学で学位を得、ハンブルク天文台員を務めたうえ、1931年にアメリカに渡りウィルソン山天文台、ついで1948年にパロマ山天文台に移る。初期の観測で特異小惑星ヒダルゴやイカルスを発見した。ついで銀河系や銀河を観測の対象とした。1942年第二次世界大戦中ロサンゼルスの灯火管制下で、100インチ(2.54メートル)鏡に特殊乾板とフィルターを取り付けて、アンドロメダ銀河の中核部を赤色巨星の像に分解することに成功、さらに星雲の周辺部と中核部とではHR図分布が異なることを発見して、前者を第1種族、後者を第2種族に分類した。1952年には銀河内で2種類の脈動変光星の周期光度関係が異なることを確かめ、シャプリーの定めた距離目盛りを従来の約2.5倍に改訂した。1959年ドイツに戻り母校の教授に就任した。 [島村福太郎] [参照項目] | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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