Montgolfier Brothers - Frères Montgolfier

Japanese: モンゴルフィエ兄弟 - モンゴルフィエきょうだい（英語表記）Frères Montgolfier

(Brother) Joseph-Michael, August 26, 1740, Annonay - June 26, 1810, Balariucreban
(Younger brother) Jacques-Étienne, 6 January 1745, Annonay - 2 August 1799, Serrières
French balloon inventor. His father was a wealthy paper manufacturer. Jacques was educated in natural sciences and architecture in Paris, and after a period of designing churches, he and his brothers eventually took over their father's business and ran a paper mill in Annonay. He had a deep interest in scientific experiments, and in 1782 discovered that a large paper bag filled with heated air made from burnt straw could float in the air. The following year, on June 4, 1783, he held a public experiment in a silk hot air balloon in the square of Annonay, and succeeded in flying it to an altitude of 1,000 m and over a distance of 2 km. On September 19, he then made a larger balloon than the previous one at Versailles, carrying sheep and ducks, and successfully launched it in front of King Louis XVI. On November 21, he launched a two-seater balloon and flew it over Paris for 25 minutes and 9 km, becoming the world's first manned balloon flight. The brothers' ballooning attracted interest in academic circles, and in 1783 Joseph was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences and Jack a Corresponding Fellow of the National Institute.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

(兄) ジョセフ　 Joseph-Michael 　 1740.8.26. アノネ～1810.6.26. バラリュクレバン　　
(弟) ジャック　 Jacques-Étienne 　 1745.1.6. アノネ～1799.8.2. セリエール　
フランスの気球発明者。富裕な製紙業者を父にもつ。ジャックはパリで自然科学と建築学の教育を受け，しばらくは教会の設計などを行なっていたが，やがて兄弟そろって父の跡を継ぎ，アノネで製紙工場を経営。科学実験に深い関心をもち，1782年わらを焼いて熱した空気を大きな紙袋に詰めると空に浮くことを発見。翌 1783年6月4日アノネの広場で絹製の熱気球浮揚の公開実験を行ない，高度 1000m，距離 2kmあまりの飛行に成功。次いで9月 19日ベルサイユで，気球をそれまでのものより大きくしてヒツジやアヒルを乗せ，国王ルイ 16世の前で飛ばして成功した。さらに 11月 21日には2人乗りの気球を飛ばし，パリ上空を 25分間，9km飛行し，世界初の有人気球飛行に成功した。兄弟の気球は学界でも関心を呼び，1783年，ジョセフは科学アカデミーの会員，ジャックは国立研究所通信会員にそれぞれ選ばれた。

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