Vatican Council - Vatican Council

Japanese: バチカン公会議 - ばちかんこうかいぎ
Vatican Council - Vatican Council

Two Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church held in the Vatican.

[Umezu Hisashi]

First Vatican Council

The 20th Ecumenical Council was convened by Pope Pius IX (reigned 1846-78) and held from 1869 to 1870. This council was held for the first time in 300 years since the Council of Trent, and its mission was to clarify the Church's position on modern European culture and thought, which had made remarkable progress in the intervening years. In the Constitution on the Faith, Dei Filius, extreme rationalism was rejected as an error of the times, and the basic position of the Catholic faith was clearly stated. In the Constitution Pastor Aeternus, the primacy and infallibility of the Pope was proclaimed. The council was suspended due to the outbreak of the Prussian-French War, and effectively ended in 1870 without a declaration of closure.

[Umezu Hisashi]

Second Vatican Council

The 21st Vatican Council. It was opened in 1962 by Pope John XXIII (reigned 1958-63), and was succeeded by Paul VI (reigned 1963-78), and ended in 1965. In contrast to the First Vatican Council, which strongly advocated a confrontational stance against modern ideas, the 21st Vatican Council was characterized by its focus on "adaptation to the times" (aggiornamento). It issued four constitutions on "The Church in the Modern World," "Divine Revelation," "The Church," and "The Liturgy," nine decrees on "the media" and "ecumenism," and three declarations on "religious freedom." It took on the problems of the modern world, such as war and peace, wealth and poverty, as its own problems, and aimed to be a church that is open to other religions, denominations, and ideas. The current Catholic Church is an extension of the direction of this Council.

[Umezu Hisashi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

バチカンVaticanで開催された二度のカトリック教会の公会議。

[梅津尚志]

第一バチカン公会議

第20回公会議。教皇ピウス9世(在位1846~78)により招集され、1869年より翌70年にかけて開かれた。トリエント公会議以来300年ぶりに開かれたこの公会議は、その間に著しい発展を遂げたヨーロッパ近代文化・思想に対して、教会の立場を明確にすることを任務とした。信仰憲章「デイ・フィリウス」においては、極端な合理主義を時代の誤謬(ごびゅう)として排斥し、カトリック信仰の基本的立場を明示した。憲章「パストール・エテルヌス」では、教皇の首位権と不可謬性を宣言した。プロイセン・フランス戦争勃発(ぼっぱつ)により会議は中断され、閉会宣言のないまま、事実上1870年で終了した。

[梅津尚志]

第二バチカン公会議

第21回公会議。教皇ヨハネス23世(在位1958~63)により1962年に開会、パウルス6世(在位1963~78)に引き継がれて、65年に終了。第一バチカン公会議が近代的諸思想との対決の姿勢を強く打ち出したのと対照的に、「時代への適応」(アジョルナメント)を課題としたところに特質がある。「現代世界における教会」「神の啓示」「教会」「典礼」の四憲章をはじめ、「マスコミ」「エキュメニズム」等に関する九教令、「信教の自由」等に関する三宣言を発し、現代世界の、戦争と平和、富と貧困などの問題を教会も自らの問題として背負い、また、他宗教、他宗派、他思想への開かれた教会であることを目ざした。現在のカトリック教会は、この公会議の方向の延長上にある。

[梅津尚志]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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