A general term for cultivated soil where crops are grown without being flooded like in paddy fields. Crop growth is very poor in uncultivated soil, but when the soil is cleared, fertilized with manure and other fertilizers, and crops are grown on it, its productivity gradually improves and it becomes stable for crop production. This is called mature soil. However, even mature field soil has characteristics such as susceptibility to soil erosion, extremely low natural supply of nutrients, susceptibility to continuous crop damage, susceptibility to drought, and susceptibility to trace element deficiencies, so great care must be taken to maintain stable crop production. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
水田のように湛水(たんすい)しないで農作物を栽培する耕地の土壌を総称していう。未耕地の土壌では作物の生育はきわめて不良であるが,開墾し,堆厩肥(たいきゆうひ)などの肥料を与え,作物栽培を継続すると,しだいにその生産力は向上し,作物生産上安定した土壌に変わっていく。これを熟畑化という。しかし,熟畑化した畑土壌でも,土壌表面がたとえば森林土壌のように落葉枝で被覆されておらず直接大気にさらされているので,土壌浸食を受けやすい,養分の天然供給量がきわめて少ない,連作障害があらわれやすい,干ばつを受けやすい,微量要素欠乏がでやすいなどの特徴があって,作物生産を安定的に維持するには多大な注意を払う必要がある。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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