Danchiku - Danchiku

Japanese: ダンチク - だんちく
Danchiku - Danchiku

A perennial herb of the Poaceae family (APG classification: Poaceae). Also called Yoshitake (Rush Mushroom). The rhizome is thick, and the culm is 2-4 meters tall and 2-4 centimeters in diameter. The leaves are about 60 centimeters long, with long, thread-like pointed tips. From August to November, a large panicle inflorescence is produced at the culm apex. The spikelet is 0.8-1.2 centimeters long, with 3-5 florets. The glumes are lanceolate and shorter than the glumes. The glumes have long hairs on the dorsum, and the base and rachis are short. It grows in coastal marshes, and is distributed from Honshu to Okinawa, the Ogasawara Islands, China, India, and the Mediterranean coast.

[Jianchang Xu August 20, 2019]

Cultural history

In Europe, the stems were used for musical instruments such as clarinets and bagpipes, and for fishing rods. Native Americans used it for mats and lattices in their homes. Its other name, Yoshitake, comes from the fact that its leaves resemble reeds and its stems resemble bamboo. One of the Chinese names for reeds is ka, and yoshitake is spelled katake, but Makino Tomitaro speculated that this was miswritten as katake, leading to the name danchiku. A variety with white spots on the leaves, A. donax L. var. versicolor Kunth, was introduced to Japan in the 1870s and is cultivated for decorative purposes.

[Hiroshi Yuasa August 20, 2019]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イネ科(APG分類:イネ科)の多年草。ヨシタケ(蘆竹)ともいう。根茎は太く、稈(かん)は高さ2~4メートル、径2~4センチメートルになる。葉は長さ約60センチメートル、先端は長く糸状にとがる。8~11月、稈頂に大形の円錐(えんすい)花序をつける。小穂は長さ0.8~1.2センチメートル、3~5個の小花がある。包穎(ほうえい)は披針(ひしん)形で護穎より短い。護穎は背面に長毛があり、基盤と小軸は短い。海岸の湿地に生え、本州から沖縄、小笠原(おがさわら)諸島、および中国、インド、地中海沿岸に分布する。

[許 建 昌 2019年8月20日]

文化史

ヨーロッパでは茎をクラリネットやバグパイプなどの楽器や釣り竿(ざお)に利用した。アメリカの原住民はマットや住居の格子に使った。別名のヨシタケは、葉がヨシ(アシ)に、茎がタケに似ることによる。ヨシの漢名の一つは葭(か)で、ヨシタケは葭竹と綴(つづ)れるが、それを葮竹と書き違い、ダンチクの名が生じたのではないかと、牧野富太郎は推測した。葉に白い斑(ふ)がある品種フイリノセイヨウダンチク(シマダンチク)A. donax L. var. versicolor Kunthは明治10年代に日本に導入され、観賞用に栽培される。

[湯浅浩史 2019年8月20日]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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