An engineering technology that uses the results of cognitive science to support human cognition. It was proposed in 1980 by Donald A. Norman of the University of California, San Diego. It deals with designing systems that store knowledge in a certain field as a database on a computer and process the information when needed by the user in an easy-to-use format, as well as methods for building large-scale systems that also consider the interface with humans, and systems for cooperative collaboration between computers and humans. As computers have developed, their computing power has improved, and in some fields it has become partially possible to build systems to support intellectual processing such as thinking and judgment that was previously performed by humans. Expert systems, decision support systems, and computer-assisted collaborative work (CSCW) are among the areas of research. In addition, the field that aims to apply artificial intelligence such as expert systems is called knowledge engineering. This term was first used by Edward A. Feigenbaum. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
人間の認知を支援する目的で,認知科学の成果を利用する工学技術。1980年アメリカ合衆国のカリフォルニア大学サンディエゴ校のドナルド・A.ノーマンが提唱した。コンピュータにある特定の分野の知識などをデータベースとして記憶させておき,ユーザーが必要なとき,情報を加工して使いやすい形態で提供するシステムの設計,あるいは人間とのインターフェースをも考えた大規模システムの構築方法,コンピュータと人間との協調的な共同作業システムなどを取り扱う。コンピュータの発展とともに,その計算能力が向上し,従来人間が行なっていた思考・判断などの知的処理を支援するためのシステムを構築することが部分的には可能になった分野もある。エキスパートシステム,デシジョン・サポート・システム,コンピュータ支援共同作業 CSCWなどが研究の対象となる。また,エキスパートシステムなどのような人工知能の応用を目指した分野を,特に知識工学という。この呼称はエドワード・A.ファイゲンバウムが最初に使用した。
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