Burgess, Anthony

Japanese: バージェス（英語表記）Burgess， Anthony

Born: 25 February 1917, Manchester
[Died] 25 November 1993, London. British novelist and critic. His real name was John Burgess Wilson. He graduated from Manchester University. He initially wanted to be a composer, but later changed his career to become a writer. Influenced by Joyce, he had a strong interest in words. He stayed in Gibraltar during the Second World War and in Malaya during the final years of British rule, and wrote the "Malayan Trilogy." His works include his debut novel, A Vision of Battlements (1949, published in 1965), A Clockwork Orange (filmed in 1962 and 1971), Inside Mr. Enderby (1963), and Napoleon Symphony (1974), all of which are skeptical of social ideals. His other works include the critique The Novel Today (1963) and a biography of Shakespeare.

Burgess
Burgess, Ernest Watson

Born: May 16, 1886, Ontario
[Died] December 27, 1966.
American urban sociologist. In 1916 he became an assistant professor of sociology at the University of Chicago, and in 1927 he became a professor. In 1923 he published the concentric circle theory based on his research into the city of Chicago, and developed a five-stage patterning of areas called the central business district, the transition zone, the workers' housing area, the general residential area, and the commuter housing area as a general theory of urban development. This theory was the subject of much debate, and many works have been published that have attempted to explain social pathological phenomena using the concentric circle theory. Together with RE Park, he established the Chicago School of urban sociology, and their co-authored book Introduction to the Science of Sociology (1921) is considered a classic textbook. In it, Burgess places particular emphasis on family issues.

Burgess
Burgess, John William

Born: August 26, 1844. Cornersville, Tennessee
[Died]January 13, 1931. Brooklyn, Massachusetts. American political scientist. Graduated from Amherst College in 1867, he studied abroad in Germany and was influenced by German state theory. In 1876 he became professor of political science at Columbia College. In 1880 he opened the Graduate School of Political Science. From 1890 to 1912 he was dean of the political science department. He was instrumental in turning Columbia College into a comprehensive university. He is said to have coined the term "political science." His major works include Political Science and Comparative Constitutional Law (1890) and Recent Change in American Constitutional Theory (1923).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1917.2.25. マンチェスター
[没]1993.11.25. ロンドン
イギリスの小説家，批評家。本名 John Burgess Wilson。マンチェスター大学卒業。初め作曲家を志したが作家に転じた。ジョイスの影響を受けて言葉への興味が強い。第2次世界大戦中のジブラルタルやイギリス統治末期のマラヤに滞在，「マラヤ3部作」がある。処女作『戦いのビジョン』A Vision of Battlements (1949作，65刊) に始り，『時計仕掛けのオレンジ』A Clockwork Orange (62，71映画化) ，『エンダビーの内側』 Inside Mr. Enderby (63) ，『ナポレオン交響曲』 Napoleon Symphony (74) など社会的理想に懐疑的な作品が多い。ほかに評論『現代小説』 The Novel Today (63) ，シェークスピア伝などがある。

バージェス
Burgess， Ernest Watson

[生]1886.5.16. オンタリオ
[没]1966.12.27.
アメリカの都市社会学者。 1916年シカゴ大学社会学助教授，27年教授。 23年シカゴ市の研究を基礎に同心円理論を発表，中心ビジネス地区，遷移地帯，労働者住宅地帯，一般住宅地帯，通勤者住宅地帯と名づけられる5段階の地域の様式化を，都市の一般的な発達論として展開した。この理論をめぐって論争が戦わされ，社会病理現象を同心円理論を用いて解明しようとした多くの業績も発表された。彼は R.E.パークとともにシカゴ学派の都市社会学を樹立し，パークとの共著『社会学入門』 Introduction to the Science of Sociology (1921) は古典的教科書とされている。そのなかでバージェスは，特に家族の問題を重視している。

バージェス
Burgess， John William

[生]1844.8.26. テネシー，コーナーズビル
[没]1931.1.13. マサチューセッツ，ブルックリン
アメリカの政治学者。 1867年アマースト大学卒業，ドイツに留学，ドイツの国家学の影響を受ける。 76年コロンビア・カレッジの政治学教授に就任。 80年に政治学大学院を開設。 90～1912年政治学部部長。コロンビア・カレッジを総合大学にした立役者。 Political Scienceの造語者といわれる。主著『比較憲法論』 Political Science and Comparative Constitutional Law (1890) ，『アメリカ憲法理論の最近の変化』 Recent Change in American Constitutional Theory (1923) 。

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