A state of Anglo-Saxon tribes established in England from the end of the 6th century to the 9th century. It refers to the seven countries of Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia, Essex, Kent, Sussex, and Wessex. The word Heptarchy originally comes from the Greek words "seven" and "rule." According to Bede's Ecclesiastical History of England, Kent belongs to the Jutes, East Anglia, Mercia, and Northumbria to the Angles, and Sussex, Essex, and Wessex to the Saxons, but it would be better to consider them as having been ethnically united as Anglo-Saxons. The seven kingdoms competed for supremacy, but in the first half of the 9th century, King Egbert of Wessex began to exercise dominance, and unified England in 829. Furthermore, in 886, King Alfred the Great of Wessex resisted the invasion of the Danes and finally unified the kingdoms to establish the Kingdom of Wessex. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
6世紀末頃から9世紀までイギリスに建設されたアングロ・サクソン諸部族の国家。ノーサンブリア,マーシア,イーストアングリア,エセックス,ケント,サセックス,ウェセックスの7国をさす。七王国 Heptarchyの語は,もともとギリシア語の「七」と「支配」に由来する。ベーダの『イギリス教会史』によれば,ケントはジュート人,イーストアングリア,マーシア,ノーサンブリアはアングル人,サセックス,エセックス,ウェセックスはサクソン人に属するとしているが,むしろ民族的にはアングロ・サクソン人として融合していたとみなすべきであろう。七王国は互いに覇を競ったが,9世紀前半ウェセックスのエグベルト王が支配権をふるうようになり,829年イングランドを統一。さらに 886年ウェセックスのアルフレッド大王はデーン人の侵入に対抗し,諸王国を最終的に統一してウェセックス王国を確立した。
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