German anatomist. He studied medicine at the universities of Heidelberg and Bonn, and completed his anatomy under Muller at the University of Berlin. He became professor of anatomy at the University of Zurich in 1840, the University of Heidelberg in 1844, and then at the University of Göttingen, where he achieved outstanding results in the research of the emerging field of histology. His work General Anatomy (1841) pioneered microscopic histology. He studied the structure of cells, especially epithelial cells, and revealed that they are an important part of the surface of internal organs such as the skin and the stomach and intestines, and the inner surface of all body cavities. His other achievements in histology are reflected in the names of many anatomical structures named after him, such as the Henle loop of the kidney, the Henle sphincter of the prostatic urethra, the Henle sheath of the peripheral nerve, the Henle ligament (inguinal ligament), and the Henle cell of the seminiferous tubule. He also contributed to pathology, suggesting in 1840 the existence of extremely tiny animal infectious viruses (pathogenic microorganisms). [Keiichi Sawano] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツの解剖学者。ハイデルベルク、ボンの両大学で医学を学び、ベルリン大学のミュラーの下で解剖学を修めた。1840年チューリヒ大学、1844年ハイデルベルク大学、ついでゲッティンゲン大学解剖学教授となり、新興の組織学の研究で卓越した業績をあげた。その著作『一般解剖学』(1841)は顕微鏡的組織学を開拓するものである。細胞の構造、とくに上皮細胞の研究を進め、これが皮膚や胃腸などの内臓の表面、そして体腔(たいくう)の内表面のすべてを覆う重要な存在であることを明らかにした。そのほか組織学上の業績は、腎臓(じんぞう)のヘンレ係蹄(けいてい)(ヘンレのわな)、前立腺(せん)尿道部のヘンレ括約筋、末梢(まっしょう)神経のヘンレ鞘(しょう)、ヘンレ靭帯(じんたい)(鼠径(そけい)靭帯)、精細管のヘンレ細胞など、ヘンレの名を冠する多数の解剖学的構造物の名称に反映されている。 病理学でも貢献し、1840年にはきわめて微細な動物性の伝染性病毒(病原性微生物)の存在を示唆している。 [澤野啓一] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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