Also called Iráklio. In ancient Greek, it is called Hērakleion. A city on the north coast of central Crete, on the southern edge of the Aegean Sea, Greece. It is the largest city and main port on the island. It is located about 5 km northwest of Knossos, the center of prehistoric Cretan civilization, and is thought to have flourished as an outer port for Knossos, but the current city developed from a town built by the Arabs who occupied the island in the 9th century. The Arabs made this town the capital of Crete and called it Khandaq, but when the island became a Venetian territory in the early 13th century, this name became Italian and became Candia. After it became a part of the Ottoman Empire in 1669, the port was abandoned and the commercial center moved to Chania in the west. It became the capital of the Autonomous Region of Crete in 1897, and became a part of Greece in 1913. After World War II, a new port was built and it was restored as a commercial center. Currently, it prospers as a shipping port for raisins, olives, olive oil, wine, carob, almonds, soap, leather, etc. In recent years, tourism has developed, and the number of people visiting by air and sea has increased dramatically as the city has become a base for sightseeing to the Knossos ruins and other places. There is also a museum in the city that displays artifacts excavated from Knossos and other places. Population: 102,398 (1981). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
イラクリオ Iráklioともいう。古代ギリシア語読みではヘラクレイオン Hērakleion。ギリシア,エーゲ海南縁部,クレタ島中部北岸にある都市。同島最大の都市で,主要港。先史時代クレタ文明の中心地であったクノッソスの北西約 5kmの地にあり,クノッソスの外港として繁栄したものと考えられるが,現在の市は9世紀に島を占領したアラブ人が建設した町から発展したものである。アラブ人はこの町をクレタの首都とし,ハンダク Khandaqと呼んだが,13世紀初め島がベネチア領となると,これがイタリア語に転訛しカンディア Candiaと呼ばれるようになった。 1669年オスマン帝国領となって以降港が放置され,西のハニアに商業の中心が移った。 1897年からクレタ自治領の首都となり,1913年ギリシア領。第2次世界大戦後,新しい港が建設されるとともに商業中心地として復興。現在,干しぶどう,オリーブ,オリーブ油,ワイン,イナゴマメ,アーモンド,石鹸,皮革などの積出港として繁栄。また近年観光業が発展,クノッソス遺跡その他への観光基点として,空路,海路で訪れる人が急増。市内にもクノッソスなどからの出土品を集めた博物館がある。人口 10万 2398 (1981) 。
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