The base unit of mass in the metric system and the International System of Units (SI). It is defined as the mass of the International Kilogram. Its symbol is kg. The International Kilogram is a cylindrical weight with a height and diameter of 39 mm, made of an alloy of 90% platinum and 10% iridium. When the metric system was first established, it was planned to use the mass of 1 cubic decimeter of water, which has the highest density, but the first prototype made in 1880 was a little heavy. However, because there was a problem with the accuracy of measuring the density of water, it was decided that the international kilogram would be based on this first prototype, and several new prototypes were made in 1885, and the one that matched the first prototype was designated the International Kilogram. The others are compared to this International Kilogram and distributed as prototypes for each country. Although the kilogram is a base unit, it has a prefix meaning 1000. This is because the plan was to use the gram as the base unit at first, but the prototype was made 1000 times larger, so the kilogram was used as the unit. Therefore, the International System of Units stipulates that no further prefixes are added to the kilogram, and that only the gram is used. [Koizumi Kesakatsu and Imai Hidetaka] [Reference item] | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
メートル法および国際単位系(SI)の質量の基本単位。国際キログラム原器の質量と定義されている。記号はkg。国際キログラム原器は、高さおよび直径がそれぞれ39ミリメートルの円柱形の分銅で、材質は白金90%、イリジウム10%の合金である。メートル法創設当時の計画では、1立方デシメートルの最大密度の水の質量とする予定であったが、1880年、最初につくられた原器はやや重くできてしまった。しかし水の密度の測定精度にも問題があるので、国際的なキログラムは、この最初の原器に基礎を置くということになり、1885年新しい原器がいくつかつくられ、そのうち最初の原器と一致したものが国際キログラム原器とされた。そのほかのものはこの国際原器と比較され、各国の原器として配布されている。 キログラムは基本単位でありながら、1000を意味する接頭語がついている。これは、最初はグラムを基本単位とする計画であったからで、原器がその1000倍につくられたため、キログラムを単位としてしまった。そこで国際単位系では、キログラムにはさらに接頭語をつけず、グラムにだけつけると定めている。 [小泉袈裟勝・今井秀孝] [参照項目] | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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