Vaishya - Baishya (English spelling)

Japanese: バイシャ - ばいしゃ(英語表記)Vaiśya
Vaishya - Baishya (English spelling)

One of the four social classes (varna) that existed in ancient India, referring to the common people such as farmers and craftsmen.

In the four-varna theory of society, they are considered to be of the reborn class (meaning those who are born twice by undergoing the Upanayana, or initiation ceremony, which is the ceremony to begin learning), and are distinguished from the Shudras, who are of the lifelong class (meaning those who are born only once because they do not undergo Upanayana), but it is not necessarily clear how much of a distinction there was between the two classes in actual society. In the medieval caste system, only the merchant castes were considered to belong to the Vaishya class, and all the peasant and craftsman castes were considered to belong to the Shudra class.

[Otani Hiroyuki]

[Reference] | Caste | Shudra | Varna

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

古代インドで成立した四つの社会階層(バルナ)の一つで、農民、手工業者などの庶民階層。

 四バルナ社会理論においては、再生族(学問を始める儀式であるウパナヤナ=入門式を受けることによって二度生れる者という意)とされ、一生族(ウパナヤナを受けないので一度しか生れない者の意)としてのシュードラから区別されたが、実際の社会において、両階層の間にどれだけの区別があったかという点については、かならずしも明確ではない。中世カースト制度においては、商人諸カーストのみがバイシャに属するとされ、農民や手工業者の諸カーストはすべてシュードラに属するとされた。

[小谷汪之]

[参照項目] | カースト | シュードラ | バルナ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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