Noverre, Jean Georges

Japanese: ノベール（英語表記）Noverre， Jean Georges

Born: April 29, 1727 in Paris
Died October 19, 1810. Saint-Germain-en-Laye. French dancer. A person who essentially built the foundation of today's ballet. He studied under L. Dupré and made his debut in 1743. In 1749, he created his first choreography, "The Chinese Festival," and choreographed 150 ballets in his lifetime. He also presented his theory of pursuing the ideal of classical beauty, reflecting the ideas of J. Rousseau, in his book "Letters on Dance and Ballet" (1760), and boldly put it into practice. He rejected the tradition of using masks, created a drama-centered ballet called "Ballet d'Action," abandoned the decorative corps de ballet, and worked to fuse dance and mime. He was driven out of France because of his radical views, and produced many works in opera houses in England and Austria in collaboration with composer C. Gluck. He was also called the "Shakespeare of ballet," and in 1876, at the invitation of his former student Marie Antoinette, he became the ballet master of the Paris Opera. After retiring in 1880, he formed a ballet company in London. His students included P. Gardel, A. Bournonville, and C. Diderot.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1727.4.29. パリ
[没]1810.10.19. サンジェルマンアンレ
フランスの舞踊家。実質的に今日のバレエの基礎を築いた功績者。 L.デュプレに学び，1743年デビュー。 49年最初の振付作品『中国の祭り』をつくり，生涯に 150のバレエを振付けた。また J.ルソーの思想を反映した古典的な美の理想を追求する理論を，著書『舞踊とバレエに関する手紙』 Lettres sur la danse et les ballets (1760) で示し，それを果敢に実践。仮面使用の因襲を排撃して，バレエ・ダクシオンといわれる劇中心のバレエを創造，装飾的なコール・ド・バレエを捨て，舞踊とマイムの融合に努力した。急進的であったがためフランスを追われ，イギリス，オーストリアのオペラ劇場で作曲家 C.グルックと組んで数々の作品を生んだ。「バレエのシェークスピア」ともいわれ，76年かつての教え子マリー・アントアネットの招請によって，パリ・オペラ座のバレエ・マスターに就任した。 80年引退後はロンドンでバレエ団を組織。門下に P.ガルデル，A.ブールノンビル，C.ディドロらがいる。

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