Ancient Greek philosopher. Born in Miletus, a city in the Ionian region of Asia Minor. He is said to have been the successor of Anaximander, but his writings have been lost and only a few fragments remain. His teachings were based on the idea that the source of all things (arche) is divine air, and that when this air becomes thin, warm fire is produced, and when it becomes thick, cold water, earth, stones, etc. are produced, and that everything that is produced through this thinning and thickening returns to air. Air is also the principle of life, and therefore the human soul is also air. He is said to have taught that "just as our soul, which is air, governs us, breath (pneuma), or air, surrounds the entire world," and that the earth is flat and rests on air, and that the heavenly bodies are formed when steam rising from the earth becomes thin and turns into fire. [Mikiya Suzuki] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
古代ギリシアの哲学者。小アジアのイオニア地方の町ミレトスに生まれる。アナクシマンドロスの後継者とされるが、著作は失われ、わずかな断片を残すのみである。万物のもとのもの(アルケー)は神的な空気で、この空気が希薄になると暖かい火が生じ、濃厚になると冷たい水や土や石などが生じるが、この希薄化と濃厚化を通じて生じたあらゆるものは、ふたたび空気へ返るというのが、その教えの根本である。この空気はまた生命の原理でもあり、したがって人間の魂も空気であって、「空気であるわれわれの魂がわれわれを統率しているように、気息(プネウマ)すなわち空気が世界全体を取り巻いている」と説くとともに、大地は平板状であって空気の上に乗っているとか、天体は大地から立ち上る蒸気が希薄となり火となってできあがったものであるとか説いたと伝えられる。 [鈴木幹也] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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