Farmland Drainage - Uchihaisui

Japanese: 農地排水 - のうちはいすい

Removing excess water from the surface and ground in order to maintain an appropriate moisture environment for farmland. The average annual precipitation in Japan is about 1,800 mm, which is said to be about 1.8 times the global average. Moreover, it tends to rain in concentrated periods such as the rainy season and typhoons, often causing great damage to farmland and crops. For this reason, river levees and drainage culverts have been built since ancient times to prevent outside water from entering. With the practical application of drainage pumps from the 1950s onwards, surface water within the area was quickly removed and flooding damage was reduced, contributing to the expansion of farmland and increased food production.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

農地の水分環境を適正に保つために，地表や地下の過剰水を排除すること。日本では平均年間降水量が1800mmくらいで，世界全体の平均値の約1.8倍といわれる。しかも梅雨季や台風時など特定の時期に集中して降る傾向にあり，農地，農作物などに大きな被害をもたらすことが多い。そこで古くから，河川堤防，排水樋門（ひもん）などを作り，外水の浸入を防いできた。昭和20年代から排水ポンプの実用化に伴い，地区内の地表水を早期に排除し，湛水（たんすい）被害の軽減を図ることが行われ，農地の拡大と食糧増産に寄与した。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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