This refers to the use of water on agricultural land through irrigation and drainage techniques. Around the world, agriculture in Europe, where wheat and other crops are grown using moderate winter rainfall, in Arab countries that rely on water drawn from rivers and wells in dry desert areas, and in Southeast Asia, where rice is grown in the monsoon rainy season, skillfully uses natural water to suit the climate and soil, but areas that have developed irrigation facilities and freely controlled water supply have higher productivity. In Japan, where rice paddy agriculture has been the norm since ancient times, securing irrigation water is extremely important, and the use and development of river water until the end of the Meiji period was primarily for agricultural irrigation. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
灌漑や排水の技術による農地の水利用行為をいう。世界的にみれば,冬の適当な降雨を利用してムギなどを栽培しているヨーロッパの農業,砂漠のような乾燥地で川や井戸から引いた水に依存するアラブ諸国,モンスーンの雨季の増水の中で水稲を栽培する東南アジアの農業など,気候風土に合わせて自然の水を巧みに利用しているが,水利施設を整備し,用水を自由にコントロールしている地域が生産力も高い。 日本では古くから水田農業が主体であったから,灌漑用水の確保はきわめて重要であって,明治末期までの河川水の利用と開発はもっぱら農業水利のためであった。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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