Rosa multiflora - thorns

Japanese: ノイバラ - のいばら
Rosa multiflora - thorns

It is synonymous with wild rose of the genus Rosa in the family Rosaceae (APG classification: Rosaceae), but the species Rosa multiflora Thunb., R. polyantha Sieb. et Zucc., R. intermedia Carr., R. wichurae Koch., R. multiflora Thunb. var. calva Fr. et Sav., and R. multiflora Thunb. var. adenophylla Fr. et Sav. are commonly known as wild rose. It grows wild in Japan, the Korean peninsula, and Taiwan. It is often found along rivers and in wetlands, but it is heat- and cold-resistant and drought-resistant, so it grows everywhere.

It is a deciduous shrub with erect or semi-erect branches, but has a climbing habit of leaning against other objects. The thorns are somewhat hooked and catch on things. Rarely, some species have no thorns. The leaves are pinnately compound, with 5-9 leaflets, the first of which is always somewhat larger. The leaflets are obovate-oblong, 1.5-5 cm long, and sharply pointed at the tip. The stipules are fused to the petiole, have acrocorns, and the margins are covered with glandular hairs, and some are severely lobed or divided. The leaf surface is semi-glossy to matte, but some are glossy on the Japan Sea side of Hokkaido and the Tohoku region. The underside and leaf axis are villi. The pedicel is 1-1.5 cm long. The inflorescence axis, pedicel, pedicel, and calyx are covered with soft hairs, villi, and glandular hairs. Flowers appear in large numbers in panicles from May to June. They are white, 2-3 cm in diameter, and have five petals that are obovate with a concave head. There are many stamens, yellow anthers, and hairy styles. The fruit is spherical, 0.7-1 cm in diameter, and ripens red in autumn. The chromosome number is 2n = 14, and there do not appear to be any polyploids in wild species. As a paleontological specimen, there is one that was published by Miki Shigeru in September 1936 (Showa 11) from Akashi, Hyogo Prefecture, and is believed to date to the Pliocene. The name of the plant known as Noibara has many other names, including the name Shiroibara, Agarigui, Aogui, Gui, Katara, Shiroichi, Komochiibara, Sanyanindo, Shirobara, Nindouibara, Onnaibara, and Yomegui. The "gui" in this case refers to the thorns.

[Shozo Suzuki January 21, 2020]

Medicinal

The dried, half-red immature fruit (false fruit) is called eijitsu or shoubishi in traditional Chinese medicine (the official name is eijitsu). In Japan it is used as a laxative and diuretic to treat constipation and edema, but in China it is used as a diuretic, antipyretic and antidote to treat edema, difficulty urinating and swelling. The false fruit of R. luciae Franch. et Rochebr. ( R. wichuraiana Crep.) is also used in the same way. In China, in addition to the false fruit, the flowers, leaves, branches and roots are also used for medicinal purposes.

[Motoo Nagasawa January 21, 2020]

[Reference] | Thorns | Wild rose
Wild rose
The branches are erect or semi-erect, but they have a climbing habit of leaning on other things. In May and June, they produce numerous five-petaled white flowers. ©Shogakukan ">

Wild rose

Wild rose fruit
It is spherical, 0.7-1cm in diameter, and ripens red in autumn. The unripe fruit (pseudo fruit) is said to have medicinal properties. ©Seishohmaru ">

Wild rose fruit


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

バラ科(APG分類:バラ科)バラ属Rosaのノバラと同意義であるが、とくにRosa multiflora Thunb.、R. polyantha Sieb. et Zucc.、R. intermedia Carr.、R. wichurae Koch.、R. multiflora Thunb. var. calva Fr. et Sav.、R. multiflora Thunb. var. adenophylla Fr. et Sav.をノイバラと通称している。日本、朝鮮半島、台湾に自生する。川沿いや湿地に多いが、耐暑性、耐寒性が強く、乾燥にも強いので、至る所に生える。

 落葉低木で、枝は直立または半直立であるが、他物に寄りかかり、よじ登る習性がある。刺(とげ)はやや鉤(かぎ)形でひっかかる。まれに刺のないものもある。葉は羽状複葉で、5~9枚の小葉よりなり、先頭の小葉はかならずやや大きい。小葉の形は倒卵状長楕円(ちょうだえん)形で先は急にとがり、長さ1.5~5センチメートル、鋸歯(きょし)ははっきりしている。托葉(たくよう)は葉柄に合着して耳角があり、縁片に腺毛(せんもう)があり支裂や分裂が激しいものがある。葉面は半光沢から無光沢であるが、北海道、東北地方の日本海側には光沢のあるものがある。下面と葉軸には絨毛(じゅうもう)がある。小花柄は長さ1~1.5センチメートル。花序の軸、花柄、小花柄、萼(がく)に軟毛、絨毛、腺毛がある。花は5~6月、円錐(えんすい)花序に多数つく。白色で、花径2~3センチメートル、花弁は5枚、凹頭の倒卵形である。雄しべは多数、葯(やく)は黄色、花柱は有毛である。果実は球形で径0.7~1センチメートル、秋に赤く熟す。染色体数は2n=14で、野生種には倍数体はないようである。古生物としては兵庫県明石(あかし)から三木茂が1936年(昭和11)9月に発表した標本があり、鮮新世のものとされている。ノイバラには刺がある植物という意味を含めて、シロイバラ、アガリグイ、アオグイ、グイ、カタラ、シロイチ、コモチイバラ、サンヤニンドウ、シロバラ、ニンドウイバラ、オンナイバラ、ヨメグイなど別称が多い。このグイとは刺のことである。

[鈴木省三 2020年1月21日]

薬用

なかば赤くなった未熟果実(偽果)の乾燥したものを漢方では営実(えいじつ)、薔薇子(しょうびし)と称する(局方名ではエイジツ)。日本では瀉下(しゃげ)、利尿剤として便秘、浮腫(ふしゅ)の治療に用いているが、中国では利尿、解熱、解毒剤として浮腫、小便不利、腫(は)れ物などの治療に用いる。テリハノイバラR. luciae Franch. et Rochebr.(R. wichuraiana Crep.)の偽果も同様に用いる。なお、中国では偽果以外に花、葉、枝、根も薬用とする。

[長沢元夫 2020年1月21日]

[参照項目] | いばら | ノバラ
ノイバラ
枝は直立または半直立であるが、他物に寄りかかり、よじ登る習性がある。5~6月、5弁の白色花を多数つける©Shogakukan">

ノイバラ

ノイバラの果実
球形で径0.7~1cm、秋に赤く熟す。未熟果実(偽果)は薬用とされる©Seishohmaru">

ノイバラの果実


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