Nenni - Nenni (English spelling) Pietro Nenni

Italian politician and socialist. Born to a poor peasant family in Faenza. Became a republican at the age of 17, he participated in the Marche Revolt (Red Week) just before World War I with Errico Malatesta (1853-1932) and was arrested. He served in the army as an advocate of participation in the war, was injured, and became a journalist after returning home (1917-1919). In the spring of 1921, he joined the Socialist Party. After Giacinto Menotti Serrati left, he became editor of Avanti (1923-1925), and opposed merging with the Communist Party and supported merging with Turati's United Socialist Party. When the Mussolini government enacted the National Defense Law, he fled to Paris (1926) and worked for anti-fascist unity as secretary of the Socialist Party and executive committee member of the Socialist Inter. He achieved a merger with the United Socialist Party (1930) and a unity of action agreement with the Communist Party (1934), and participated in the Spanish Civil War as a political commissar for the International Brigades (1936-1939). During World War II, he was arrested by German forces in France, handed over to Italian authorities, and interned on the island of Ponza (1943). After the collapse of the Mussolini regime, he was released and participated in the National Liberation Committee in Rome as a representative of the Reconstructed Socialist Party. In the spring of 1944, he opposed Togliatti's Salerno policy and refused to join the Badoglio government. After World War II, he served in important positions such as deputy prime minister in the Parli government, minister in several De Gasperi governments, and member of the Constituent Assembly. As Secretary General of the Reconstructed Socialist Party, he continued to work in cooperation with the Communist Party until 1956, but after the Hungarian Incident in the autumn of that year, he promoted a course of separation and independence from the Communist Party and envisioned a center-left government, joining the center-left government that began with the Moro government as Deputy Prime Minister (1963-1966), and later served as Foreign Minister in the Le Mor cabinet (1968-1969). In 1970, he was elected Senator for life and also became Chairman of the Socialist Party. His major works include Four Years of History (1926) and Prospects for Socialism after De-Stalinization (1962).

[Yasuro Shigeoka]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

イタリアの政治家、社会主義者。ファエンツァの貧農出身。17歳で共和主義者になり、第一次世界大戦直前のマルケの暴動（赤色週間）にマラテスタErrico Malatesta（1853―1932）とともに参加して逮捕された。参戦論者として従軍し、負傷して帰国後ジャーナリストになった（1917～1919）。1921年春、社会党に入党。セルラーティGiacinto Menotti Serratiの去ったあとの『アバンティ』紙編集長の地位につき（1923～1925）、共産党との合同に反対し、トゥラーティの統一社会党との合同に賛成した。ムッソリーニ政権の国家防衛法施行とともにパリに亡命し（1926）、社会党の書記、社会主義インターの執行委員として反ファシストの統一のために活動。統一社会党との合同（1930）、共産党との行動統一協定（1934）を実現し、国際旅団の政治委員としてスペイン内戦に参加（1936～1939）。第二次世界大戦中フランスでドイツ軍に逮捕され、イタリア当局に引き渡され、ポンツァ島に抑留された（1943）。ムッソリーニ政権崩壊後、解放され、再建社会党の代表としてローマの国民解放委員会に参加。1944年春トリアッティのサレルノ政策に反対し、バドリオ政府への入閣を拒否した。第二次世界大戦後パルリ政府の副首相をはじめ数次に及ぶデ・ガスペリ政府の閣僚、制憲議会議員などの要職を歴任。再建社会党の書記長として1956年まで共産党との共闘路線を続けたが、同年秋のハンガリー事件以後、共産党からの分離・独立の路線を推進するとともに中道左派政権を構想し、モーロ政府に始まる中道左派政権に副首相として入閣し（1963～1966）、その後ルモール内閣では外相を務めた（1968～1969）。1970年終身上院議員に選ばれ、また社会党議長に就任した。主著に『四年間の歴史』（1926）、『非スターリン化以後の社会主義の展望』（1962）がある。

［重岡保郎］

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例