Clay tablet document - Nendobanmonjo (English spelling) clay tablet

Japanese: 粘土板文書 - ねんどばんもんじょ（英語表記）clay tablet

A general term for clay tablets, which were used as writing materials alongside metal and stone in the ancient Orient, mainly in Western Asia and Mesopotamia. Alluvial soil, which endlessly accumulates around the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, was kneaded and hardened, and cuneiform or pictographic characters were written on them, either as is or after washing with water, and then dried in the sun for preservation. Important ones were further baked in kilns to harden them. They were square or rectangular in shape, and occasionally conical, cylindrical, polygonal, or barrel-shaped. Clay tablet documents have been discovered in Iran, Asia Minor, and Syria, as well as Tell el-Amarna in Egypt, and have also been excavated from Crete, Mycenae, Thebes, and Pylos on the Greek mainland.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

西アジア，メソポタミアを中心とした古代オリエント地方で金石と並んで書料として用いられた粘土板の総称。チグリス，ユーフラテス両川周辺に無限に堆積する沖積土を練り固めて，そのままあるいは水洗いして楔形文字ないしは絵文字を記し，日干しにして保存。大切なものはさらに窯で焼いて硬くした。形は正方形または長方形，まれに円錐形，円筒形，多角柱形，樽形がある。粘土板文書はイラン地方をはじめ，小アジア，シリア地方でも発見され，エジプトのテル・エル・アマルナ，さらにクレタ島からギリシア本土のミケーネ，テーベ，ピュロスからも出土している。

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