Ototori - Netori

Japanese: 音取 - ねとり
Ototori - Netori

(1) A prelude used in gagaku. It is also written as "netori." It is a relatively short piece of music without beats that announces the key of the piece that is about to be performed (called the "tokyoku"). It is played by the lead player of each instrument and also serves to tune the instruments. In Togaku Kangen, it is always played before the tokyoku by the sho, hichiriki, flute, kakko, biwa, and so, and there is one unique type for each of the six modes of gagaku, such as "Ichikotsu Cho Totori" and "Hyojo Totori." In Tang music and bugaku, it is limited to certain pieces, such as the "Sadacho Ontori" (or simply "Ryo-o Ontori") for "Ryo-o" and the "Karyo-bin Ontori" for "Karyo-bin". In Komagaku, it is performed on the hichiriki, Korai flute, and san-no-tsuzumi, and there is the "Ijoshi" and its abbreviated "Konetori" for the Koryoichigetsucho Ontori, as well as the "Koryoheicho Ontori" and "Koryosojo Ontori". In Kagura songs, Kume songs, and Yamato songs, it is performed on the flute and wagon.

(2) In Nohgaku, a musical accompaniment played on a single Noh flute when the waki (supporting actor) appears at the beginning of a piece. It is performed together with a small drum called an oki-tsuzumi. It is always played in Okinatsuki Nohgaku.

(3) A melody of a Noh flute played as background music in Kabuki. Usually written as "netori," it is played over the "dorodoro" large drum when ghosts or other spirits appear, creating an eerie effect.

[Yoko Hashimoto]

[Reference item] | Rokucho

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

(1)雅楽で用いる前奏曲。「禰取」とも書く。比較的短い無拍節の曲で、これから演奏する曲(これを「当曲」という)の調子を知らせる。各楽器の主奏者によって奏され、楽器の音合わせの役割も兼ねる。唐楽管絃(かんげん)では笙(しょう)、篳篥(ひちりき)、横笛(おうてき)、鞨鼓(かっこ)、琵琶(びわ)、箏(そう)によりかならず当曲の前に奏され、「壱越(いちこつ)調音取」「平調(ひょうじょう)音取」など、雅楽の六調子に1種ずつ固有のものがある。唐楽舞楽では特定の曲に限って定められ、『陵王(りょうおう)』に対して「沙陀(さだ)調音取」(単に「陵王音取」とも)、『迦陵頻(かりょうびん)』に対して「迦陵頻音取」などがある。高麗楽(こまがく)では篳篥、高麗笛、三(さん)ノ鼓(つづみ)により奏され、高麗壱越調の音取として「意調子(いじょうし)」とそれを簡約した「小音取(こねとり)」、そのほか「高麗平調音取」「高麗双調(そうじょう)音取」がある。神楽歌(かぐらうた)、久米(くめ)歌、大和(やまと)歌などでは笛と和琴(わごん)によって奏される。

(2)能楽で、曲の初めのワキ登場の際に能管1本で奏される囃子(はやし)。小鼓(こつづみ)の「置鼓(おきつづみ)」とともに演奏される。翁付(おきなつき)能楽ではかならず奏される。

(3)歌舞伎(かぶき)の下座(げざ)音楽で演奏される能管の旋律。通常「寝取」と書き、幽霊などが出るときに大太鼓の「どろどろ」にかぶせて吹かれ、不気味な効果を出す。

[橋本曜子]

[参照項目] | 六調子

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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