Gaston Doumergue

French politician. Born in the Gard department on August 1, 1863. After serving as a colonial judicial officer, he became a Radical Socialist deputy in 1893. After serving in various cabinets since 1902, he became a senator in 1910. He served as prime minister for a short time before World War I, and was often in the cabinet during the war. After the war, in 1924, he was elected president after the defeat of "authoritarian president" Millerand, against the backdrop of the victory of the left-wing coalition. He retired at the end of his term, and three years later, in 1934, he was asked to form a national unity cabinet to settle the chaos caused by the right-wing riot "February 6th". However, he resigned in November of the same year after failing to obtain approval for a constitutional amendment that would have changed the omnipotence of parliament to give the cabinet the power to dissolve the lower house in order to ensure the stability and longevity of the cabinet.

[Tsukasa Ishihara]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

フランスの政治家。1863年8月1日ガール県生まれ。植民地司法官を経て1893年急進社会党代議士となった。1902年以来諸内閣に列したのち、1910年上院議員に転じた。第一次世界大戦前に短期間首相を務め、戦時中も入閣することが多かった。戦後の1924年、左翼連合の勝利を背景とした「権威主義的大統領」ミルラン追い落としの後を受けて大統領に選出された。任期終了で引退、3年後の1934年、右翼の大暴動「二月六日事件」による混乱を収拾すべく、請われて挙国一致内閣を組織した。しかし、それまでの議会万能を改め、内閣に下院解散権を与えて内閣の安定長命を図ることを骨子とした憲法改正案に同意が得られず、同年11月辞任した。

［石原　司］

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