Aymara - Aimaara (English spelling)

Japanese: アイマラ - あいまら(英語表記)Aymara
Aymara - Aimaara (English spelling)

An indigenous group living in Peru and Bolivia in South America. The population exceeds 1 million. They speak Aymara. They live in the great plateau (altiplano) between the two Andes Mountains, and extend from around Lake Titicaca south to the Uyuni Salt Flats in southwestern Bolivia. They are thought to be descendants of the bearers of the great pre-Inca civilization of Tiwanaku, but they have a history of being conquered and annexed by the Incas. Even today, Aymara and Quechua (the official language of the Incas) are interpenetrating each other, and the number of bilingual and trilingual speakers, including Spanish, is increasing. The Altiplano is a cold and dry area over 3,000 meters above sea level, and their main occupation is the cultivation of cold-resistant crops such as potatoes, and they invented an excellent storage method called freeze-drying of potatoes. They also raise llamas (locally pronounced llama) and alpacas to make wool. In recent years, many of them have moved to cities, but women's bowler hats are a distinctive feature of their clothing. In terms of religion, there is a strong belief in the Earth Mother Goddess known as Pachamama.

[Hideo Kimura]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

南アメリカのペルー、ボリビア両国に住む先住民集団。人口は100万人を超える。言語はアイマラ語。2本に分かれたアンデス山脈に挟まれた大高原(アルティプラノ)に住み、ティティカカ湖周辺から南はボリビア南西部のウユニ塩原にまで広がる。インカ以前の大文明ティワナク文明の担い手の子孫と考えられているが、インカに征服併合された歴史をもつ。現在でもアイマラ語とケチュア語(インカの公用語)の相互浸透が進み、スペイン語も含めて2言語使用者、3言語使用者が増加している。アルティプラノは海抜3000メートルを超える寒く乾燥した地帯で、生業はジャガイモなどの耐寒性の作物の耕作が中心であり、ジャガイモの凍結乾燥という優れた貯蔵方法を発明している。ラマ(現地発音リャマ)、アルパカを飼育して毛織物をつくるのも重要である。近年では都市に多く流入しているが、婦人の山高帽が服装の際だった特徴である。宗教のうえではパチャママという大地母神に対する信仰が根強い。

[木村秀雄]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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