Two types of metal wires are joined at one end for use in measuring temperature using thermoelectromotive force. As shown in , the junction of two types of metal wires A and B is placed at the temperature to be measured T , and the other end is kept at a reference temperature T0 . T0 is usually set to 0°C, and this part is called the cold junction. A third conductor C is connected to T0 and leads to a voltmeter V. When T and T0 are different , a thermoelectromotive force VAB is generated between a and b due to the Seebeck effect, so the unknown temperature T can be determined by measuring VAB with a voltmeter. The thermoelectromotive force is determined only by the temperatures T0 and T , and the materials of thermocouples A and B. It is unrelated to the material of conductor C, the temperature of the voltmeter, or the temperature in the middle of the thermocouple.Commonly used thermocouples include platinum vs. platinum-rhodium alloy (room temperature to about 1600°C), copper vs. constantan (from about 20K to about 700K), and gold-iron trace alloy vs. chromel (from about 1K to room temperature). (Constantan is an alloy of nickel and copper, and chromel is an alloy of nickel and chromium.) [Miyadai Asanao] "National Astronomical Observatory's 'Science Chronology' Annual Edition (Maruzen)" [Reference] | |©Shogakukan "> How to use a thermocouple (A vs. B) [Diagram] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
熱起電力を利用して温度測定に用いるため、2種の金属線を一端で接合したもの。 のように2種の金属線A、Bの接合部を、測定すべき温度Tに置き、他端を基準温度T0に保つ。T0は通常0℃にすることが多く、この部分は冷接点とよばれる。T0からは、第三の導体Cを接続して電圧計Vに導く。TとT0が異なるときは、ゼーベック効果によりa、b間に熱起電力VABが発生するので、電圧計でVABを測ると未知温度Tを知ることができる。熱起電力は、温度T0とT、および熱電対A、Bの材質のみによって決まる。導体Cの材質や電圧計の温度、熱電対の中間部の温度には無関係である。よく使用される熱電対としては、白金対白金‐ロジウム合金(室温から約1600℃)、銅対コンスタンタン(絶対温度約20Kから約700K)、金と鉄微量の合金対クロメル(約1Kから室温)などがある(コンスタンタンはニッケルと銅の合金、クロメルはニッケルとクロームの合金)。 [宮台朝直] 『国立天文台編『理科年表』各年版(丸善)』 [参照項目] | |©Shogakukan"> 熱電対(A対B)の使用法〔図〕 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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