Thermocouples are made by joining the tips of two different conductor wires (e.g., a pure metal wire and an alloy wire) as temperature detection elements, and are used to measure temperature by the magnitude of the thermoelectromotive force generated in response to the temperature difference between the tip (temperature measuring junction) and the base (reference junction). They are also called thermocouple thermometers. Thermocouple thermometers are used in a wide range of applications, from extremely low temperatures to high temperatures of around 3000°C, taking advantage of their simple structure and durability, and are particularly used as industrial thermometers. There are many types of thermocouples depending on the type and combination of thermocouple wires used, as well as the specifications of the temperature sensor and indicator, but internationally unified industrial standards have been established for the most widely used types, and the relationship between the output signal, the electromotive force, and the temperature is standardized. The indicator of a thermocouple thermometer is a potentiometer (voltmeter), and although pointer-type (analog) instruments are also used, many thermometers since the 1980s use electronic digital voltmeters and calculation devices to display the temperature value instantly. Normally, the temperature value displayed is when the reference junction temperature is 0°C, but some models measure the actual reference junction temperature with a separate thermometer and display a corrected value. [Mitsui Kiyoto] [Reference] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
温度検出素子として2種の異なる導体の素線(たとえば純金属線と合金線)の先端を接合した熱電対(つい)を用い、先端部(測温接点)と基部(基準接点)との温度差に対応して発生する熱起電力の大きさによって温度を測定する計器。熱電対温度計ともいう。熱電温度計は構造が簡単でじょうぶという特徴を生かして、極低温域から3000℃付近の高温まで幅広い用途に数多く用いられ、なかでも工業用温度計としての役割が大きい。用いる熱電対素線の種類と組合せ、また、感温部、指示部の仕様などによって多くの種類があるが、広く用いられる器種については国際的に統一された工業規格が設けられており、出力信号である起電力と温度との関係が標準化されている。熱電温度計の指示部は電位差計(電圧計)であり、指針型(アナログ型)の計器も用いられるが、1980年代以降は電子式デジタル電圧計と演算装置を用いて即時に温度値を表示するものが多い。普通、基準接点の温度が0℃のときの温度値を表示するが、実際の基準接点の温度を別の温度計で測って補正した値を表示するものもある。 [三井清人] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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