Nirioka ruins

Shang dynasty ruins and a group of Warring States period tombs in Erli Gang, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China. Erli Gang is a hill located in the southeast of Zhengzhou City, measuring approximately 1,500 meters east to west, 600 meters wide north to south, and 5 to 10 meters high. The Shang dynasty and Longshan culture layers were discovered on the west side of the hill, and ancient tombs from the Warring States period were discovered on the east side of the hill. The discovered Shang dynasty culture layers are divided into two periods, known as the "Erli Gang Upper Culture" and the "Erli Gang Lower Culture," and both are standard materials for the mid-Shang period. The Shang dynasty remains include ash pits (underground storage pits), tombs, and building sites, and artifacts include pottery, stone tools, bone and horn tools, and bronze tools. In addition, 212 Warring States tombs were excavated, of which 186 were pit tombs and the remaining 26 were pit hollow brick coffin tombs. The grave goods included pottery, bronze, iron, and jade. The pottery in particular included vessel shapes such as tripods, beans, jars, pans, jars, small jars, boxes, jewels, jars, and pots, which serve as standard reference material for burial pottery in Han and Wei during the Warring States period.

[Takeji Iijima]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、河南省鄭州(ていしゅう)市二里岡にある殷(いん)代の遺跡と戦国時代の墓群。二里岡は鄭州市の南東部に存在する東西長約1500メートル、南北幅約600メートル、高さ5～10メートルほどの土岡である。土岡の西側では殷代文化層と竜山文化層が発見され、土岡の東側で戦国時代の古墓が発見されている。発見された殷代文化層は二時期に分けられ、「二里岡上層文化」「二里岡下層文化」とよばれ、いずれも殷中期の標準資料となっている。殷代遺構には灰坑(かいこう)（地下貯蔵穴）、墓、建築址(し)があり、遺物には、土器、石器、骨角器、青銅器の類がある。また212基の戦国墓が発掘され、そのなかの186基が竪穴土壙墓(たてあなどこうぼ)で、残りの26基が竪穴空心塼槨墓(せんかくぼ)であった。副葬品には、陶器、青銅器、鉄器、玉石器があった。とくに陶器には、鼎(てい)、豆(とう)、壺(こ)、盤(ばん)、匜(い)、小壺、盒(ごう)、尊(そん)、甕(よう)、罐(かん)などの器形が存在し、戦国期の韓(かん)、魏(ぎ)における副葬陶器の標準資料となっている。

［飯島武次］

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