Tai Zhen

A scholar from the middle of the Qing Dynasty in China. His courtesy name was Dongyuan. He was from Xiuning County, Anhui Province. As a child, he showed theoretical thinking that troubled his teacher, and under the guidance of Jiang Yong, he began writing treatises on calendar calculation and character phonology at the age of 22, and also wrote the Kaogongji Tu Zhuan. Although his family was poor and had little food, he wrote the Qu Yuan Fu Annotations and the Shi Fu Zhuan. At the age of 32, he went to the capital and was recognized for his scholarship by Qian Daxin, and stayed at the home of Ji Yun. Although he did not pass the imperial examination, he was given an official rank equivalent to passing the Jinshi examination and was assigned to compile the Four Treasury Collections, completing the restoration of the Yongle Encyclopedia, Shuijing Zhu, and Suanjing Shishu, but died of illness in the midst of the project. His theories are found in the Collected Works, Daishi Yishui, especially in the Dai Dongyuanshu compiled by Duan Yucai, and Dai himself considered Mencius's Ziyi Zhu Zheng to be the most important of his writings. Dai Zhen's scholarship, based on insight cultivated through erudition, tended to first establish rules and then brilliantly reconcile complex phenomena, and differed from the academic style and style of Huidong and others known as the Wu school, and was inherited by Duan Yucai and Wang Niansun, father and son, and is known as the Wan school of thought.

[Mitsuo Kondo March 18, 2016]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、清(しん)朝中葉の学者。字(あざな)は東原(とうげん)。安徽(あんき)省休寧(きゅうねい)県の人。幼時、塾師を困らせるまでの理論的な思考を示し、江永(こうえい)を師として22歳から暦算、文字音韻(おんいん)の学の論文を書き始め、また『考工記図注』を著す。家は貧しく食にも事欠くなかで『屈原賦注(くつげんふちゅう)』『詩補伝』を著す。32歳で都に上り銭大昕(せんたいきん)にその学識を認められ、紀昀(きいん)の家に寄寓(きぐう)。科挙には合格できなかったが、とくに進士及第と同等の官位を与えられて、四庫全書の纂修(さんしゅう)官にあてられ、『永楽大典』から『水経注』『算経十書』の復原などを完成したが、事業さなかに病没した。その学説は全集『戴氏遺書』とくに段玉裁(だんぎょくさい)が編した『戴東原集』にみえ、自らは『孟子字義疏証(もうしじぎそしょう)』を平生の著述のなかでもっとも重要なものという。戴震の学問は博学に培われた見識によって、初めに法則をたてて複雑な事象をみごとに整合してみせる傾向がみえ、呉(ご)派とよばれる恵棟(けいとう)らの学風と趣(おもむき)を異にし、段玉裁・王念孫父子に継がれて皖(かん)派の学とよばれる。

［近藤光男　2016年3月18日］

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