Bank of Japan notes - nihonginkoken

Japanese: 日本銀行券 - にほんぎんこうけん

Banknotes issued by the Bank of Japan as the central bank in accordance with the law. They are abbreviated as Bank of Japan notes. From 1884 to 1942, when the Convertible Banknotes Act was still in effect, they were called Convertible Banknotes (→ Convertible Notes). Until the 1897 Currency Act was enacted, they were guaranteed to be convertible into silver coins, and after the 1897 Currency Act, they were guaranteed to be convertible into gold coins. In 1932, the gold standard was abolished, and the government moved to a managed currency system, making them inconvertible banknotes. In 1942, the Bank of Japan Act was enacted, and they were renamed Bank of Japan notes. Initially, when they were issued, there was an issuance guarantee system that required the holding of corresponding assets such as commercial bills, loans, government bonds (→ public bonds), foreign exchange bills, and gold and silver bullion in an amount equal to the amount of issuance, and a maximum issuance limit system that set a limit on the amount of issuance by the government. However, in 1998, both systems were abolished, and they were issued at the discretion of the Bank of Japan. Bank of Japan notes are legal tender and are used primarily for economic activities such as those of households. Settlements between companies are usually made with deposit money. (→ Paper money, Japan's monetary system)

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中央銀行としての日本銀行が法律に基づいて発行する銀行券。日銀券と略称される。兌換銀行券条例が存続していた 1884～1942年の間は兌換銀行券（→兌換券）と呼ばれ，1897年貨幣法が制定されるまでは銀貨，同法制定により金本位制度に移行してからは金貨との交換が原則として保証されていた。1932年に金本位制度が停止され，管理通貨制度に移行して不換銀行券になり，1942年日本銀行法の制定によって，名称が日本銀行券となった。当初，発行に際しては，発行高と同額の商業手形，貸付金，国債（→公債），外国為替手形，金銀地金などの見返り資産の保有を必要とする発行保証制度と，発行額の限度を政府が定める最高発行額制限制度がとられていたが，1998年両制度は廃止され，日本銀行の自由裁量で発行されることとなった。日本銀行券は法貨として強制通用力が与えられ，今日，家計などの経済活動に主として用いられており，企業間の決済は通常預金通貨によって行なわれる。（→紙幣，日本の貨幣制度）

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