Japan Development Bank

Currently, the Japan Development Bank. The Japan Development Bank is a government financial institution established in 1951 (Showa 26) under the Japan Development Bank Act, fully funded by the government. Its abbreviation is Kaigin. As part of the reorganization of government-affiliated financial institutions, it merged with the Hokkaido-Tohoku Development Finance Corporation in October 1999 (Heisei 11) and restarted as the Japan Development Bank (which was launched as a government financial institution at the time and became a joint stock company in October 2008). The purpose of the Japan Development Bank is to complement or encourage the financing provided by general financial institutions in order to promote industrial development and economic and social development by providing long-term funds. Specifically, it provided long-term funds for resource and energy development, technological promotion, shipping, urban development, regional development, and improvement of people's lives. In addition to capital, the bank's sources of funds included borrowings from government funds such as the Fund Management Department funds and the Postal Insurance Fund, and foreign bond issuance. When it was established, it took over the claims and liabilities of the Reconstruction Finance Bank, as well as the loans to private companies as counterpart funds, so the ratio of capital to external funds was high, and its management was more stable than other government financial institutions. From 1986, it was also allowed to make investments, and as of the end of March 1997, the outstanding borrowings were 14,467.2 billion yen, the cumulative foreign bond issuance amounted to 1,567.9 billion yen, and the outstanding loans were 16,226.7 billion yen. The capital was 366,025 million yen (fully funded by the government, as of the end of July 1998).

[Hara Shiro]

"The History of the Japan Development Bank" (2002), edited and published by the Development Bank of Japan

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

現、日本政策投資銀行。日本開発銀行は1951年（昭和26）日本開発銀行法によって設立された全額政府出資の政府金融機関。略称開銀。政府系金融機関の再編成の一環として、1999年（平成11）10月北海道東北開発公庫と統合、日本政策投資銀行として再スタートした（当時は政府金融機関として発足、2008年10月株式会社化）。日本開発銀行の目的は、長期資金の供給を行うことなどにより産業の開発および経済社会の発展を促進するため、一般の金融機関が行う金融などを補完し、または奨励することにある。具体的には、資源エネルギー開発、技術振興、海運、都市開発、地方開発、国民生活改善などのための長期資金を供給した。資金の原資は、資本金のほか、資金運用部資金、簡保資金など政府資金の借入れ、外債発行などによった。設立にあたって復興金融金庫の債権債務、見返り資金の私企業貸付を引き継いだこともあって、外部資金に比較して資本金の比重が高く、他の政府金融機関に比較して経営は安定していた。1986年度から出資機能も認められ、1997年3月末での、借入金残高14兆4672億円、外債発行実績は累計1兆5679億円、貸付金残高16兆2267億円。資本金3660億2500万円（全額政府出資、1998年7月末）。

［原　司郎］

『日本政策投資銀行編・刊『日本開発銀行史』（2002）』

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