Treaty of Amity between Japan and Korea

The Treaty of Ganghwa, which the Japanese government forced the Joseon government to sign under the pretext of the Ganghwa Island incident, was the first treaty to open Korea to the capitalist world. It was also called the Treaty of Ganghwa. It was signed on February 26, 1876 (Meiji 9) at Ganghwa-fu, Korea, between the Japanese plenipotentiaries Kuroda Kiyotaka and Inoue Kaoru, and the Korean representatives Shin Ken and Yun Ja-seong, and came into effect on that day. This Treaty of Amity was an integral part of the Treaty of Amity, which was signed on August 24 of the same year, the Treaty of Amity Annex, the Regulations for Trade of the Japanese People in the Korean Provincial Ports, and the Correspondence Annex to the Treaty of Amity Annex, and through these arrangements, the Japanese government imposed unilateral inequality on Korea. These included consular jurisdiction, the circulation of Japanese currencies, and exemption from all customs duties on imported and exported goods. With this series of privileges, Japan's modern invasion of Korea began.

[Akira Nakatsuka]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江華島(こうかとう)事件を口実に、日本政府が李(り)氏朝鮮政府に締結を迫り、朝鮮を資本主義世界に初めて開国させた条約。江華条約ともいう。1876年（明治9）2月26日、朝鮮の江華府で、日本の全権、黒田清隆(きよたか)、井上馨(かおる)と、朝鮮側代表、申(しんけん)、尹滋承(いんじしょう)との間に調印され、その日から発効した。この修好条規は、同年8月24日調印された同条規付録、朝鮮国議定諸港において日本国人民貿易規則および、修好条規付録に付属する往復文書と一体のもので、日本政府はこれらの取決めによって、朝鮮に一方的な不平等を強いた。領事裁判権、日本諸貨幣の流通、輸出入商品いっさいの関税免除などがそれであり、これら一連の特権によって、近代日本の朝鮮侵略が始められたのである。

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