Sunday school - Sunday school

Japanese: 日曜学校 - にちようがっこう(英語表記)Sunday school
Sunday school - Sunday school

It mainly refers to Christian churches gathering young people on Sundays and holidays to provide religious and general education. Religious education on Sundays was already given to adults and children as part of the Sabbath liturgy in the Middle Ages, but the origin of modern Sunday schools can be said to be in the educational activities of Protestant churches that began in the 18th century. It began in 1780 in Gloucester, England, when Robert Raikes opened a Sunday school for the purpose of providing religious and general education to young factory workers, whose numbers had increased due to the Industrial Revolution. Sunday schools then spread to America and Germany. In Japan, the Japan Sunday School Association was established by Protestant churches in 1907 (Meiji 40), and the 8th World Sunday School Conference was held in 1920 (Taisho 9) at the Imperial Theater in Tokyo, with Okuma Shigenobu as chairman and Ibuka Kajinosuke and other enthusiasts in attendance. It was a great success, thanks in part to a grant from the Imperial Household Ministry. In 1942 (Showa 17), the United Church of Christ in Japan opened a Sunday School Department, and organizational development was promoted. Meanwhile, even the Catholic Church, which traditionally taught religious education regardless of the day of the week in the form of teaching and explanation of the "Catechism," began to set up Sunday schools for the children of believers and seekers around 1919 (Taisho 8). Today, Sunday schools in all Christian churches are diverse in terms of organization, teaching methods, and content, making them difficult to discuss in the same way, but the intended purpose of promoting religious education and practice for young people remains unchanged.

[Isomi Tatsunori]

[References] | Ibuka Kajinosuke | Okuma Shigenobu | Catechism | Christianity | Religious education | Imperial Theater | United Church of Christ in Japan | Protestant Church

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

おもにキリスト教会が、日曜日や祝祭日に青少年を集めて宗教教育や一般教育を行うことをいう。すでに中世から安息日の典礼の一環として日曜日の宗教教育は大人、子供に施されていたが、現在の日曜学校の起源は、18世紀に始まったプロテスタント教会の教育活動にあるといえる。1780年イギリスのグロスターでロバート・レイクスRobert Raikesが、産業革命によって増加した工場労働者の青少年に、宗教教育や一般教育を施す目的で開設したことに始まる。日曜学校は次いでアメリカ、ドイツに伝わった。日本では、1907年(明治40)プロテスタント教会により日本日曜学校協会が設立され、1920年(大正9)第8回世界日曜学校大会が、大隈重信(おおくましげのぶ)を会長とし、井深梶之助(いぶかかじのすけ)らのきもいりで、東京の帝国劇場において開催されたが、宮内省からの下賜金もあって大成功を収めた。1942年(昭和17)には日本基督(キリスト)教団に日曜学校局が開設され、組織的発展が図られた。一方、伝統的に「公教要理」(カテキズム)の教授説明という形式で、曜日に関係なく宗教教育を行っていたカトリック教会でも、1919年(大正8)ごろから信者、求道者の子弟を対象に、日曜学校が設けられている。現在、全キリスト教会の日曜学校は組織、教授法、内容が多様で同一には論じがたいが、青少年の宗教教育、実践を図るという所期の目的は変わることがない。

[磯見辰典]

[参照項目] | 井深梶之助 | 大隈重信 | カテキズム | キリスト教 | 宗教教育 | 帝国劇場 | 日本基督教団 | プロテスタント教会

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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