Tripartite Pact between Japan, Germany and Italy

Japanese: 日独伊三国同盟 - にちどくいさんごくどうめい
Tripartite Pact between Japan, Germany and Italy

A military alliance between Japan, Germany, and Italy signed in Berlin on September 27, 1940 (Showa 15). Negotiations for the Tripartite Pact were initially started towards the end of the first Konoe Fumimaro cabinet with the aim of strengthening the Tripartite Pact between Japan, Germany, and Italy concluded in 1937, but were temporarily suspended when the German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact was suddenly concluded in August 1939. However, momentum for resuming negotiations grew against the backdrop of the deterioration of relations with the United States and Britain, and the overwhelming superiority of German forces in Europe, and on September 6, 1940, the German special envoy H. Stamer visited Japan, and the negotiations were officially resumed. On September 24, a comprehensive agreement was reached between Stamer and Matsuoka Yosuke, foreign minister of the second Konoe cabinet. The Tripartite Pact consisted of a preamble and six articles, and was a purely military alliance in which Germany, Italy, and Japan agreed to recognize each other's "leading position" in the "construction of a new order" in Europe and Asia, and to "provide mutual assistance by political, economic, and military means" in the event of an attack by a third country that did not participate in the Sino-Japanese War or the European War. Matsuoka, the promoter of the Tripartite Pact, had a vision of neutralizing the Soviet Union, and if possible, realizing a quadripartite treaty between Japan, Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union, in addition to the Tripartite Pact, and using this military pressure as a backdrop to favorably adjust to the United States, but the formation of the alliance strongly stimulated the United States and Britain, and was a factor in Japan's entry into the Pacific War. With Italy's unconditional surrender in September 1943 and Germany's complete defeat in May 1945, the reckless brinkmanship of the Tripartite Pact between Japan, Germany, and Italy completely collapsed.

[Osamu Terasaki]

[References] | World War II | Pacific War | Tripartite Pact between Japan, Germany and Italy [Additional information] | Tripartite Pact between Japan, Germany and Italy/Tripartite Treaty

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

1940年(昭和15)9月27日、ベルリンで調印された日本、ドイツ、イタリアの間の軍事同盟。三国同盟締結交渉は、最初、1937年に結ばれた日独伊三国防共協定を強化しようという目的で、第一次近衛文麿(このえふみまろ)内閣の末期に始まったが、1939年8月に突然独ソ不可侵条約が締結されたことにより一時中断した。しかし、その後、対米英関係の悪化、ヨーロッパにおけるドイツ軍の圧倒的な優勢などを背景に、交渉再開の機運が台頭、1940年9月6日、ドイツのスターマーH. Stamer特使の来日を機会に、交渉は正式に再開され、9月24日に至り、スターマーと第二次近衛内閣の外相松岡洋右(まつおかようすけ)との間で全面的な合意をみることとなった。三国同盟条約は、前文と本文6条とから成り立ち、その内容は、ヨーロッパおよびアジアにおける「新秩序建設」に関し、ドイツ、イタリアおよび日本は、その「指導的地位」を認め合うこと、また日中戦争およびヨーロッパ戦争に参加していない第三国の攻撃に対してあらゆる「政治的、経済的及軍事的方法ニ依(よ)リ相互ニ援助スヘキコト」を誓約する純然たる軍事同盟であった。三国同盟の推進者の松岡は、日独伊三国軍事同盟に加えて、ソ連を中立化させる、できれば日・独・伊・ソの四国協商の実現を図り、これらの軍事的圧力を背景に対米調整を有利に進めるという構想を抱いていたが、同盟の成立は米・英を強く刺激し、太平洋戦争突入の要因となった。1943年9月イタリアの無条件降伏、1945年5月ドイツの完全敗北により、無謀な瀬戸際政策であった日独伊三国同盟は完全に崩壊した。

[寺崎 修]

[参照項目] | 第二次世界大戦 | 太平洋戦争 | 日独伊三国防共協定[補完資料] | 日独伊三国同盟/日本国、独逸国及伊太利国間三国条約

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  German-Japanese Anti-Comintern Pact

>>:  Nichizo - Nichizo

Recommend

Intersection - highway grade separation

An intersection where two roads, or a road and a ...

Yuu

〘 noun 〙① A place where people gather and live. Vi...

Alexander Porfirowiz Archipenko

A sculptor born in Kiev (now part of Ukraine) in ...

Torii Pass

A pass on the Nakasendo road in the northern part ...

Dry friction bearings

…Also called oilless bearings. They belong to the...

Pea crown - pea crown

…The color is generally red, and its function is ...

Laute

…On the other hand, in the 9th century, Muslims d...

Atago Shrine

[1] A shrine located on Mt. Atago in Saga Atago-ch...

Odense - Odense (English spelling)

The capital of the island of Funen, between the b...

note verbale (English spelling)

…Notes, also called announcements, are the most i...

Hooker

American blues singer, guitarist, and composer. He...

Auxochrome

…A concept proposed by Otto Nikolaus Witt (1853-1...

Asir Mountains - Asirsanchi

…In the southwestern part of Saudi Arabia, the As...

Perfect square

...A parent-child square is one in which the sum ...

Coccidiosis - Coccidiosis

Coccidioidomycosis is an infectious disease caused...