Aung San Suu Kyi - Aung San Suu Kyi

Japanese: アウンサン・スーチー - アウンサンスーチー

Myanmar political leader. Born in Yangon (formerly Rangoon). Eldest daughter of General Aung San, the founding father of Burma. Graduated from Delhi University and Oxford University. After graduation, married a British Tibet scholar. 1969-1971 UN staff member, 1985-1988 Researcher at Kyoto University's Center for Southeast Asian Studies. After returning to Myanmar in 1988, she became a central figure in the anti-military regime movement, and in September of the same year, she became Secretary-General of the National League for Democracy (NLD). She was under house arrest for six years from July 1989. Although she was unable to run in the general election in May 1990, the NLD won a landslide victory. However, the military regime continued to hold sway, and in April 1991, she was dismissed as Secretary-General due to pressure from the military regime. In December 1991, she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. After that, she refused an offer from the military regime to release her if she left the country. He was released from house arrest in July 1995, and returned to his post as Secretary-General of the NLD in October of the same year. He criticized the military government through rallies in front of his house and called for the transfer of power, but he remained under the military government's surveillance and his political activities were restricted. He was placed under house arrest again in September 2000, and released in May 2002, but was detained a third time in 2003. In May 2009, he was indicted on charges of violating the "Defense of Subversion Act" for breaking into the home of an American man, and was sentenced to one year and six months of house arrest. Since the maximum period for house arrest is six years, it is believed that the military government was trying to extend his detention. In July 2009, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon visited Myanmar, but the military government did not allow him to meet with him, and international criticism of the military government continued. In 2011, Myanmar's Thein Sein government began to adopt a gradual democratization policy with the aim of improving relations with the West, starting dialogue with Suu Kyi, releasing political prisoners, and approving the re-registration of the NLD as a political party. In 2011, US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton visited Myanmar and met with Suu Kyi, impressing the world with the accelerating democratization of Myanmar. Suu Kyi was elected Chairperson of the NLD Central Executive Committee in January 2012, and in April ran in the parliamentary by-elections, with 41 candidates elected, including Suu Kyi. Suu Kyi, who leads the largest opposition party, attended a military ceremony in March 2013 and is said to be working toward amending the constitution and running in the next presidential election, while showing a certain degree of compromise and realpolitik to the military in order to prevent democratization from going backwards.
→ Related article Nobel Peace Prize

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

ミャンマーの政治指導者。ヤンゴン（旧ラングーン）出身。ビルマ建国の父，アウンサン将軍の長女。デリー大学，オックスフォード大学卒。卒業後，英国人のチベット学者と結婚。1969年―1971年国連職員，1985年―1988年京都大学東南アジア研究センター研究員。1988年帰国後，反軍事政権運動の中心的存在となり，同年９月国民民主連盟（NLD）の党書記長に就任。1989年７月以来６年間にわたって自宅軟禁状態に置かれた。1990年５月の総選挙には立候補できなかったが，NLDが大勝。しかし軍事政権はその後も居座り，1991年４月に軍事政権の圧力で党書記長を解任される。1991年12月ノーベル平和賞受賞。その後，軍事政権側からの，国外へ出るなら釈放するとの誘いを拒否。1995年７月自宅軟禁から解放，同年10月NLD書記長に復帰。自宅前集会を通じて軍事政権を批判，政権の委譲を訴えてきたが，依然として軍事政権側の監視下にあり，政治活動も制限を受けた。2000年９月に再び自宅軟禁，2002年５月には解放されたが，2003年三たび拘禁された。2009年５月，米国人男性の自宅侵入が〈国家転覆防御法〉違反であるとして起訴され，１年６ヵ月の自宅軟禁の刑が言い渡された自宅軟禁は最長６年であることから，軍事政権が拘束延長を狙ったとみられる。2009年７月国連事務総長潘基文がミャンマーを訪れたが，軍事政権は面会を許容せず，軍事政権に対する国際的な批判が続いた。2011年，ミャンマーのティン・セイン政権は欧米との関係改善を目指して，漸進的な民主化方針を採り始め，スーチーと対話を開始，政治犯を釈放，NLDの政党としての再登録を承認した。2011年には米国のヒラリー・クリントン国務長官がミャンマーを訪問，スーチーと面会するなど，ミャンマーの民主化加速を世界に印象づけた。スーチーは2012年１月NLD中央執行委員会議長に選出され，４月，議会補選に立候補，NLDはスーチーを含む41人を当選させた。最大野党を率いるスーチーは2013年３月軍の式典に出席するなど，民主化を後戻りさせないために軍にも一定の妥協的姿勢と現実政治的姿勢を示しつつ，憲法改正と次期大統領選出馬を視野に入れて活動しているとされる。
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